Leptospira-IgM Test

leptospira Igm test

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

What is a Leptospira-IgM test?

A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test that is carried out to detect the anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. It is an ELISA test (an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) with high sensitivity (>99%); and specificity (>96%).

What is Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease (a disease that can be transmitted to human beings from animals) in the world. The disease is caused by Leptospirainterrogans or leptospiraborgpetersenii, the two pathogenic species of the bacteria Leptospira.

Rodents (rats and mice mainly) are the primary source of infection. Other sources of infection include dogs, cats, horses, and cattle. They excrete the pathogens through their urine as the bacteria thrive in their renal tissue. You can get infected when these organisms enter your body via small cuts in your skin. Contact with contaminated water is the most common mode of infection. Leptospira can also enter the human bloodstream via-

– Close contact with infected animals
– Contact with moist soil/ vegetation (contaminated with the urine of the infected animal)
– Handling infected animal tissues
– Ingestion of contaminated food and water
– In very rare circumstances, human to human transmission is seen.
 The incubation period (the time taken from getting infected to the manifestation of the disease) is usually 5-14 days.

Serious outbreaks have been reported in cases of natural calamities such as floods whereas any exposure to contaminated water bodies (including water sports) can expose you to infection.Majority of the people (90%) who get infected exhibit mild flu-like symptoms. In severe cases, a hepatorenal syndrome known as Weil’s disease may occur leading to multiorgan involvement and high morbidity. A potentially fatal pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome is another serious manifestation of Leptospirosis.

Why has my physician asked me to undergo a Leptospira-IgM test?

Your physician may order a Leptospira-IgM test for you if you present with the following features-

– Fever
– Chills
– Myalgia (muscle pain)
– Fatigue
– Headache
– Sore throat
– Pleuritic chest pain
– Vomiting
– Pain abdomen
– Tachycardia (increase in heart rate)
– Hypotension (fall in blood pressure)

The diagnosis of Leptospirosis is often very difficult as the signs and symptoms are non-specific. A person suffering from Leptospirosis is often confused to be suffering from aseptic meningitis, influenza, liver disease, dengue, pneumonia or pyrexiaof unknown origin.
In most of the cases, a diagnosis is reached at only when a severe form of the disease manifests. The mortality of multi-systemic manifestation of this disease rangers from 5-40%. Thus, an early diagnosis and aggressive treatment remains the cornerstone of treatment.

How should I prepare for the Leptospira-IgM test??

No specific preparation is required. You need to discuss with the physician your medical history. As Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test and involves the standard techniques of venipuncture, you need to inform your physician if-

– You are taking any blood thinners
– You are suffering from any coagulopathy
– You should also inform your physician about the medications (including ayurvedic, homeopathic and natural remedies) that you might be consuming. Appraise him if you suffer from any drug allergy. It will help him in charting out a treatment plan in case you test positive for this test.

Do I need to fast before a Leptospira-IgM test??

There is no need to fast before A Leptospira-IgM test. You can consume normal meals before this test.

Can I undergo a Leptospira-IgM testif I am pregnant?

Yes, it is perfectly safe to undergo a Leptospira-IgM testify you are pregnant or breastfeeding your child.

Can children undergo a Leptospira-IgM test?

Yes, children of all ages can undertake a Leptospira-IgM testas it is a safe, risk free and easy to perform procedure.

What are the risks involved?

A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test. It is easy to perform, safe and quick tests. Complications are rarely seen. However, as this test involves the puncture of a vein to collect a blood sample, the following complications may arise-

– You may feel a stinging sensation when the needle pricks your skin.

– The perception of pain varies in different patients.

– The act of puncturing a vein and drawing blood may be scary for some. You may feel lightheadedness at the sight of blood. It is advisable to distract yourself during this step if you are faint-hearted.

– A bruise at the sight of the prick may appear. You can prevent it by pressing on the site of the prick for a few minutes.

– In some cases, bleeding may be encountered at the site of venous invasion.

– A hematoma may form at the site of puncture.

There are chances of infection at the site of venesection at a later stage. If you encounter the presence of pus or signs of inflammation (phlebitis) at the site, consult your physician.

What are the contraindications of a Leptospira-IgM test?

There are no absolute contra-indications to a Leptospira-IgM test. However, as it is a blood test including venesection, your physician may defer performing this test if you suffer from a bleeding tendency.

How is a Leptospira-IgM test performed?

A Leptospira-IgM testis a blood test carried out on an outpatient basis unless the patient is already admitted to a hospital. The standard technique of venipuncture is employed. The few simple steps are as follows-

– You will be escorted to an area dedicated to collecting samples.

– You will be asked to sit on a comfortable chair or lie down on a hospital bed.

The technician will apply a tourniquet proximally to the site chosen for venipuncture. This makes the veins more prominent, allowing easier access.

– The antecubital area of the arm is the region most commonly used for the purpose of venipuncture. This is the area on the inner side of the elbow and contains three vessels-: the median cubital, the cephalic and the basilic veins. In certain cases, the technician may have to resort to other veins, but these are the vessels routinely used for phlebotomy.

– The area is cleaned with a disinfectant.

– A sterile needle is used to puncture the vein and draw about 5 ml of blood.

– The pressure is applied to the vein with sterile gauze after the needle is withdrawn.

– Tourniquet is released.The blood sample is collected in a vial.

How long does the procedure last?

The entire procedure is over in 5-10 minutes. In obese patients, patients belonging to geriatric age group and very young children, venous access is sometimes difficult, leading to more than one prick.

When can I get the results of my test?

You can get the results of your test on the same day.

What is the cost of conducting a Leptospira-IgM test in India?

The cost of undergoing a Leptospira-IgM test in India varies from INR 1250-1500. The actual cost may vary, depending on the city you reside in and the diagnostic center whose services you avail.

What other tests are usually performed to detect Leptospirosis?

The Leptospira-IgM test is the most commonly used diagnostic tool for Leptospirosis, but the antibodies cannot be detected in the first week of the disease. Moreover, IgM antibodies tend to persist for a long time after the initial infection. Therefore, other tests are also resorted to in order to arrive at a correct diagnosis. This serious disease can also be diagnosed by the following tests-

Leptospira IgG test-IgG antibodies can be detected in the blood after 2 weeks of infection.

Dark Field Microscopy (DFM)- In this method, the spirochetes (Leptospira) can be visualized using a microscope. But this test suffers from a lack of specificity. Moreover, a large volume of organisms should be present in the blood for detection.

Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT)- This test is the gold standard as far as the diagnosis of Leptospirosis concerned. But this test has its limitations too. It cannot be relied upon in the earlier stages of the disease. Moreover, it is a complicated procedure.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)- This test can detect Leptospira DNA in your blood and urine. It is a very effective but costly procedure.

Culture of Leptospira (from blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, tissues)- This is another effective procedure, but it is time-consuming. It can take up to 3 months to prepare a culture of this bacteria.

What is the treatment of Leptospirosis?

About 5 cases/100,000 population/year globally are reported for Leptospirosis which is not a small number. Early diagnosis and judicious treatment can go along way in avoiding morbidity and mortality related to this disease with protean manifestations.

Antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of the treatment of Leptospirosis. The treatment should be started as early as possible after a diagnosis of Leptospirosis has been made. In mild cases, doxycycline, ampicillin or amoxicillin may suffice.

Intravenous therapy with Penicillin G is required for severe cases. Systemic involvement is treated with symptomatic supportive therapy. As this disease has the potential to affect multiple organs, monitored care is the need of the hour. The patient should be treated in a hospital setting with provisions for cardiac monitoring and ventilator support.
 

 

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Period blood – what it says about your health Your period blood color and consistency indicate what is happening in your body. Is your…
Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Test
Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Test Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Test is a blood test that is a very specific and accurate…
Cottage cheese: What can you find in this healthy chunk of fresh milk cheese? Love cheese but scared of putting on extra pounds? With cottage cheese, you can get…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as…
Krill Oil: Does the solution to human illnesses really lie at the depths of the ocean? The word "krill" means “small fry of fish” in Norwegian. They are usually the primary…
Women with biltong slices
A few details about Biltong How can you prepare the perfect Biltong? How's it different from jerky?What are its uses,…
Triglycerides: The most effective steps in bringing the levels down What are trigylcerides ? And how can they lead to the onset of several chronic…
ketoacidosis diabetes
HB1Ac Test HB1Ac test is an important blood test that is used to measure the levels of…
Anhedonia: Does the chronic inability to feel joy affect you too? How often do you feel dragged down by an invisible force? Do you feel an…
Is this is the real life? Is this just fantasy? – Decoding the myths of lucid dreaming Lucid dreaming or dreaming with a state of awareness has often intrigued the minds of…
What is the exact job of an OB-GYN and why should you consult one? OB-GYN; a doctor who specializes in female reproductive health. Be it pregnancy issues or menopausal…
asab antisperm antibody test
Antisperm Antibody Test The ASAB or anti-sperm antibody test is a blood/semen test that analyzes the level of…
MCT oil athletes
MCT Oil : The kind of fats you should be eating MCT oil or Medium Chain Triglycerides is the new buzzword in the fitness industry. What…
Lady performing coagulation profile test
Coagulation Tests Check the most important coagulation tests, its types, procedure, and results to know your risk…
Thyroid disorders
T3 Test T3 is an important thyroid hormone. It's level is detected with the help of the…
Coffee Enema: Turn your favorite morning beverage into a powerful colon cleanser The wonders of coffee are not just limited to waking you up every morning. You…
Lectin: The common link of proteins between peas and people Lectins are a type of protein that are found majorly in legumes. Most people are…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute…
Jackfruit: Slice your way into higher immunity, better digestion, & more… Native to the South East Asia, the jackfruit is a fruit brimming with thousands of…
Balneotherapy jacuzzi
5 things you didn’t know about balneotherapy and how you can do it at home Sauna baths have been popular since a long time. But how much more beneficial can…
Threatened abortion
A few facts about threatened abortion A threatened miscarriage indicates an early pregnancy loss. Look out for symptoms like bleeding, vaginal…
How much protein shake
High protein diet: How much protein is too much protein? Since protein is a macronutrient along with fat and carbohydrates, the body requires a large…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually…
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a…
How accurate is the hair follicle drug test? Hair follicle drug test is one of the best ways to identify drug use in…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging…
hepatitis B envelope antigen
Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen (HBeAg) The HBeAg or hepatitis B envelope antigen test is a screening test used to diagnose…
CT-scan-machine
CT – Computed Tomography Scan CT scan or computed tomography scan is an diagnostic imaging technique where cross-sectional images of…
phenytoin test
Phenytoin test Phenytoin is a drug that is administered mainly to epilepsy patients. The phenytoin blood test…
lipid-profile
Lipid Profile Lipid profile is a blood test that provides complete information on how much cholesterol is…
myelogram
Myelography Myelography is an important diagnostic tool that is used to investigate and identify abnormalities in…
free psa test
Free PSA Test The free PSA test is used to detect the level or percentage of free PSA…
erythropoetin test
Erythropoietin (EPO) Test Erythropoietin stimulates the production of RBCs in bone marrow. An erythropoietin test is done to…
BCAAs powder
BCAA: Now get more out of your workouts with this miracle protein BCAAs are counted as one of the best supplements for increasing your physical endurance. Find…
Chromium Picolinate: An essential mineral supplement for faster weight loss Did you know that about 1.6 million deaths were directly linked to diabetes globally? How…
Surgery or home-remedy; what is the right way to treat a burn The treatment of a burn injury depends on its severity. You can save a life…
Echinacea: Why is this ancient herb re-emerging as an all-rounder supplement? Echinacea is a long-used herb that is finding ground as an immunity booster and perhaps…
Sputum test Sputum test is a commonly used diagnostic tool that is used to examine the presence…
ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy Ureteroscopy is the diagnostic procedure which is used for the detection of the kidney stones…
folate test
Folate test The Folate test measures and monitors the levels of folic acid in the blood. This…
anti ds dna test
Anti Ds-DNA antibody Test The  Anti Ds-DNA antibody test is used to diagnose the disease called lupus or more…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling…
complement c4 test
Anemia Profile Anemia Profile test (Basic) is a blood screening test that measures the levels of important…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A…
Cardiolipin Antibody (ACL) –IgG Test The cardiolipin antibody IgG are responsible for the abnormal formation of clots in veins and…
Garlic health benefits cloves
Garlic: Nature’s white pill as an effective home remedy What are the secrets hidden in these tiny white pills? Find out the immense health…

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