Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

adhd symptoms

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopment disorder that typically develops during childhood and persists into adolescence and adulthood. Approximately 60% of adults affected by ADHD have been diagnosed with ADHD during their childhood. Though ADHD is generally a disease that persists since childhood, recent studies show that ADHD can appear for the first time during adulthood.

 

Definition of ADHD

adhd symptomsAHDH is a neurodevelopment disorder that causes a person to be inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive.

Adult ADHD is when adults are diagnosed with ADHD or have been diagnosed with ADHD as a child and continue to experience symptoms.

A lot of times when an adult is diagnosed with ADHD for the first time, they are most likely to have shown symptoms as a child too.

But the disease was left undiagnosed. The mental health disorder, ADHD, affects varies aspects of the adult life. ADHD is also referred to as ADD, Attention Deficit Disorder, in many countries. Other terms used are Hyperkinetic Disorder and Hyperactivity.

 

What causes ADHD?

The major contributing factor to being diagnosed with ADHD is genetic. If a child is diagnosed with ADHD, according to the Attention Deficit Disorder Association, there is a 25-35% chance a relative has it too. When ADHD is not genetic, which is a rarity, some of the causes are listed below.

  • Smoking and drinking during pregnancy.
  • Brain Injury – Exposure to lead or other toxins, physical injury
  • Brain Trauma
  • Obstetrical Complications – Disorders during pregnancy, like the early neonatal period.

Some causes of ADHD that have not been strongly proven by research are an excessive intake of sugar, chaotic family and watching television for long hours.

 

Symptoms of ADHD

Adhd boyThough symptoms of ADHD improve with age, once diagnosed with ADHD during childhood, the problems experienced persist even during adulthood. The symptoms of ADHD also vary during childhood and adulthood. Adults show subtle symptoms.

A lot of these symptoms are observed in a lot of people at various stages in life. But those with ADHD experience these problems persistently and with a greater severity. If they continually affect various aspects of the adult life, it is advised to see a doctor and undergo the required therapy.

 

Types of ADHD

Every patient diagnosed with ADHD shows a different combination of symptoms. The treatment offered is based on the type of ADHD one is diagnosed with. The American Psychiatric Association has classified ADHD into three categories.

Predominantly Inattentive Type: When one shows many symptoms related to inattention and distraction and very few symptoms of hyperactivity.

  •  Not being able to prioritize, organize or focus on tasks.
  •  Poor listening skills
  •  Inability to follow direction and instructions
  •  Being forgetful

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: When one shows many symptoms related to hyperactivity and very few symptoms of inattention.

  • Too fidgeting
  • Not likely to sit still for even short periods of time
  • Interrupting conversations too often and talking loudly
  • Often indulging in thrilling activities
  •  Likes to live on the edge

Combined Type: The most commonly observed of the three types. They show symptoms related to hyperactivity as well as inattention.

 

Long-term effects of ADHD

adhd adultADHD doesn’t cause any long-term effects. But when accompanied by a few other disorders, treatment for ADHD is hindered.

  • If diagnosed with mood disorders like bipolar disorder or depression as well as ADHD, failures, and instability accompanying ADHD can hold back the recovery from other disorders.
  • If beset with anxiety disorders as well as ADHD, anxiety is worsened due to symptoms and worries accompanying ADHD.
  • Substance abuse which is caused by ADHD can have fatal side-effects.
  • Coping up with ADHD can take a toll on the patients as well as loved ones around.

The medication taken to treat adult ADHD has adverse side-effects and is likely to cause heart diseases, high blood pressure, substance addiction and occasionally psychiatric difficulties.

 

Vulnerable groups

ADHD is a genetic disorder. When someone is diagnosed with ADHD, an ancestor is most likely to have been diagnosed with ADHD. If a parent has been diagnosed with ADHD, the chances of the child having ADHD are 50%. And if an older sibling is diagnosed with ADHD, the chances are 30%. Childhood ADHD is most likely to affect males whereas adult ADHD is most likely to affect females.

 

Genetics of ADHD

Research is still being conducted to find the exact genes that cause ADHD. Dopamine D4 (DRD4) and dopamine D5 (DRD5) are the genes most commonly linked to ADHD. Studies have shown that people diagnosed with Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive type ADHD have low levels of dopamine. The neurotransmitter gene that causes Predominantly Inattentive type ADHD is norepinephrine.

 

Diagnosis

Diagnosing someone for ADHD is an elaborate and extensive process. Physical tests and blood tests are conducted to eliminate other possible diseases that have similar symptoms. The doctor then recommends psychological tests. Along with the results of these tests, the medical history of the family is consulted too.

Three other important factors considered before making a conclusive diagnosis are a number of symptoms experienced, the duration for which the symptoms are observed and the regularity of occurrence of symptoms. Only when facing a large number of symptoms regularly over a period of six months, is the patient diagnosed with ADHD.

 

Treatment & Prevention

  • Medications: Stimulant medications such as Ritalin or Concerta are mostly prescribed to treat the symptoms of ADHD. Studies have indicated that pharmacological measures, in addition to behavioral therapy, have been more effective than behavioral therapy alone. Non –stimulant medicines can also be prescribed but these don’t work as fast as stimulants.  Different individuals respond to different medications. Thus it is important to gauge with medicine works best for the patient.
  • Behaviour Therapy: The behavior therapy for treating ADHD is focused on reducing unwanted behaviors, such as lack of concentration, and reinforcing positive habits. In case of ADHD kids, the parents are also made a part of the behavior therapy to speed up the treatment process.  Under this, the therapist enables the ADHD- affected individual to express himself/herself effectively. This also includes skills and strategies parents and teachers should learn to cope up with ADHD tendencies of the child and help him/her throughout the treatment procedure.

ADHD prevention: Though there aren’t any guaranteed ways to prevent the onset of ADHD, keeping in mind the following dietary and lifestyle habits can decrease the probability of ADHD.

  • Unhealthy pregnancy and complications related to pregnancy are closely related to the onset of ADHD in the child. This includes usage of illicit drugs and alcohol, tobacco consumption, and toxic metal exposure during pregnancy.
  • Foods which are high in sugar (empty calories), artificial coloring, preservatives, and flavoring can be linked to ADHD in children.
  • Spending too much time watching TV and having an overall sedentary lifestyle are also common culprits.
  • Children are naturally filled with energy. Thus it is important that they are given a proper outlet so that they can channel their energies in a creative and constructive manner. Enrolling them in after-school activities such as sports, art classes, or any other hobby-building workshop will be helpful.
  • Similarly, it is equally important to give your child some time to unwind after school.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Include healthy and nutritious foods in the diet such as whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes etc.
  • Have a regular routine of physical activities. At least 1 hour of exercising and moving around can help control the symptoms.
  • Make sure that the sleeping pattern of the individual is regulated. He/she should get 8 hours of undisturbed sleep every night.
Don'ts
  • Let the person be glued to television, computers, smartphones etc.
  • Be critical of his/her mistakes. Similarly, don’t lose your cool when dealing with ADHD – affected individuals.
  • Delay counseling and treatment sessions once the diagnosis has been made.

 

 

 

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The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
CEA_test
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test CEA or carcinoembryonic test detects the presence of CEA antigen in your blood mainly & determines the effectiveness…
Hymenoplasty
Hymenoplasty Read on to find out all about hymenoplasty, the procedure, post-surgery care, the risks, and the benefits.
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
ashwagandha brain
Ashwagandha: The best-kept secret of Ayurveda now revealed! Ashwagandha literally means "smell of horse". Don't get bogged down by that one tiny detail because this ayurveduic…
Salt dangers
Sodium chloride: The wonders and dangers of the simple table salt Sodium chloride is a salt containing sodium and chlorine ions at a 1:1 ratio. It is edible and…
Bromelain: 11 reasons why you should start adding pineapple to your pizza! If you didn't love pineapples already, here are some of the top health benefits that bromelain can bring…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
Are you sure you are drinking enough water? Everyone says, drink 8 glasses of water per day. But how much truth is there in this rule…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…

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