Anal fissure

anal fissures disorders

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

What is an anal fissure?

Passing hard stools can result in a tear on the skin. This slight crack or cut in the skin that lines the anus is medically termed as an anal fissure. In some cases, these cuts can go deep down to the muscle, exposing them.

Patients feel the presence of these fissures due to severe pain and bleeding, either while passing stools or after it. Although the sight of blood during a bowel movement and pain can be alarming, anal fissures by themselves are not serious.  

Constipation is often a primary cause for the formation of anal fissures. Anyone can suffer anal fissures, although it occurs in infants and children largely due to constipation. Most of the time, anal fissures do not need any medical treatment and they heal on their own within a month.  In case fissures do not heal beyond eight weeks, the condition is chronic and needs medical treatment. Doctors initially prescribe medicines to soften the stools along with pain relievers. They also study the medical history of the patient and investigate the presence of medical disorders that can increase the risk of anal fissures. If the condition does not improve with any of the remedies, doctors may recommend surgery.

Many people get confused between anal fissures, fistula, and hemorrhoids. Read in detail about them to know the exact causes, symptoms, and treatment.

Why do anal fissures occur?

Constipation commonly causes anal fissures. If the bowel movement is not easy, the hard stool causes an abnormal stretching of the anal mucosa. An initial tear gets worse with every bowel movement.

anorectal fissure

Fissures in the anal region can also occur due to frequent diarrhoea, causing the skin around the anus to rupture. Not all anal fissures signify low-fibre diets and constipation. Poorly healing fissures or those located in a position other than the posterior and midline portion of the anus may indicate an underlying condition.

If the tear becomes deep, the muscle beneath, called the anal sphincter muscle, can go into a spasm causing severe pain. The spasm usually makes the wound difficult to heal as it causes further tearing of the mucosa, each time there is a bowel movement. When this happens repeatedly, it can lead to chronic anal fissures.

Who are at increased risk of developing anal fissures?

According to the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR), 18% of people with anorectal complaints in India can develop anal fissures.

Anal fissures can also develop due to the increased strain caused during childbirth. This makes expectant women prone to the condition.

If there is a reduced flow of blood to the area around the anus, it can give rise to fissures.

Further, patients suffering some form of inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s are at an increased risk of developing anal fissures.

If anal sphincter muscles are exceptionally tight, it can also cause fissures in the region.

Infants are prone to anal fissures. Senior adults experience reduced blood flow to the anorectal area, which can lead to anal fissures.

Although extremely uncommon, anal fissures can develop due to the presence of the following medical conditions:

  • Herpes
  • Tuberculosis
  • HIV
  • Syphilis
  • Anal cancer

What signs help spot the presence of  anal fissures?

Some of the well-known symptoms of anal fissures are as follows:

  • Itchy feeling in the anus
  • Burning around the anorectal area
  • Cut or  tear in the lining of the skin in the anorectal region
  • Visible blood on the stools or on the toilet paper while wiping after passing motion
  • Small skin lump near the cut
  • Severe pain in the anus especially while passing motion
  • Burning or itching in the anal area

Are anal fissures easy to diagnose?

A general practitioner can diagnose anal fissures. The doctor usually begins by checking the type of symptoms. One of the symptoms your doctor will want to know is the presence of any pain in the area. More importantly, the doctor will ask questions regarding toilet habits.

Following this, the doctor will perform a rectal examination. The fissures are usually visible when the buttocks are parted. The doctor will also conduct a digital rectal examination to ascertain the diagnosis. To view the tear, doctors insert an anoscope, which is a thin medical tube, into the rectum to be able to see the tear. The tube allows doctors to inspect the anal canal.

In case the patient is having pain in the rectum, this examination using the anoscope may also diagnose other reasons for the pain. The presence of hemorrhoids also causes rectal pain. If doctors feel the need for better evaluation, they may ask for an endoscopy to be performed.

What is the usual form of treatment for anal fissures?

Fortunately, the majority of anal fissures do not need elaborate treatment. Doctors usually prescribe medication to help reduce pain and discomfort, as well as fasten the healing of anal fissures.

Hemorrhoids and anal fissures

Generally, patients with anal fissures heal on their own within 6 weeks. These types of fissures are medically termed acute anal fissures. Fissures that do not heal in 6 weeks and last much longer are called chronic anal fissures.

Doctors prescribe medicines as the first line of treatment. Doctors only recommend surgery, if self-help measures have not been useful.

Surgery helps effectively treat anal fissures. It carries a very slight risk of complication, though in rare cases, patients suffer bowel incontinence for a short time. In extremely rare cases, this condition is permanent.

Patients need to adopt certain self-care measures. Some of the medicines that doctors prescribe can be a pain reliever gel to reduce the pain and discomfort or laxatives to soften the faecal matter to allow its easy passage.

Anal fissures can recur especially if constipation is untreated. When fissures do not respond to traditional treatments, doctors also take the measurement of the anal sphincter to decide the next step of treatment.

What are some of the simple measures from doctors to relieve symptoms of anal fissure?

Some of the discomfort from anal fissures can be relieved with remedies at home. Here are some easy to follow techniques that will protect against the formation of anal fissures as well as help heal the existing ones.

  • Ensure intake of fluids. It is very important to stay hydrated.
  • Include at least 30g of fibre every day.  Make sure to eat adequate vegetables, fruits and wholemeal products.
  • Do not suppress the urge to pass motion. Postponing or suppressing the urge can cause constipation.
  • Regular physical exercise at least 4 times a week is necessary to relieve this condition and help easy passage of stools.
  • Take simple painkillers to relieve pain. Doctors may suggest application of nitro-glycerine ointment, which will help increase blood circulation in the region. Use of a hydrocortisone cream, such as Cortisone 10, will also assist in reducing inflammation. Ointments will cause sphincter muscles to relax and cause the anal fissures to heal faster.
  • Apply topical pain relievers, such as lidocaine, to the anus to ease discomfort. For those with nagging pain in the anal region, soaking the bottom in a tub of warm water (Sitz bath) especially after a bowel movement helps a great deal.  Sitz bath causes more blood to flow in the area, relaxing the muscles in the anal region, and reducing discomfort.
  • Take stool softeners available over the counter to make bowel movements easy.
  • Incase the symptoms do not reduce in 2 weeks, consult the Doctor.  Your physician is in a better position to evaluate your symptoms and suggest other alternative treatment.

What is a sitz bath ?

Sitz bath essentially means sitting inside a tub of warm water for about ten minutes, filled to a few inches, in such a way that the water is in contact with the anal region. Sitz bath about 3 times a day after a bowel movement aids relief. The plastic tub to be used for this purpose is available at most drugstores. Doctors may recommend the use of certain additives in the water for sitz bath, such as Epsom salt.

How do I increase the intake of fibre in the diet?

We need to include at least 25 to 30 grams of fibre in our diet each day. This is an achievable objective, although many adults fall short of it. If the diet contains the required amount of fibre, it can help prevent constipation as well as diarrhoea. The following are examples of food items that are high in fibre. Consuming adequate quantities of fibrous food can prevent the formation of anal fissures.

Here is a list of some of the popular food items that contain adequate fibre:

  • Soybeans
  • Lentils
  • Bran cereal
  • Pumpkin seeds
  • chickpeas
  • Wheat bran flakes
  • Split peas
  • Beans
  • Shredded wheat cereal
  • Cowpeas
  • Wheat bran flakes
  • Avocado

What are stool softeners?

Stool softeners are agents that work by drawing more water into the digestive tract. This helps in softening the stools and prevents constipation. They are not laxatives. Stool softeners are usually safe for use and are available as tablets, liquids, capsules and other types of formulations.

To compensate for stool softeners, it is important to make lifestyle changes. It is not a good idea to consume for a prolonged period. Before buying a stool softener, take the recommendation of your physician about the brand and type that may be most helpful in relieving constipation.

Few easy tips to increase the intake of water

How much water is adequate in a day is dependent on one’s own needs. Generally, consuming about 3.7 litres of water for men and 2.7 litres for women is a standard. Post-exercise, it is important to consume water. Pregnant women also need to up their water intake. This is the case with breastfeeding mothers as well.

Reduced water intake is one of the overriding reasons for constipation. Constipation can lead to a host of health issues, the development of anal fissures being one of them. Drinking adequate water is the best way for easy bowel movements. Along with water intake, it is a good idea to consume foods that have higher water content.

List of food that is high on water content:

  1. Cucumber
  2. Spinach
  3. Watermelon
  4. Sweet peppers
  5. Cantaloupe
  6. Tomato
  7. Lettuce
  8. Broccoli
  9. Zucchini
  10. Strawberries
  11. Celery
  12. Cabbage

What are some of the alternative treatments to relieve anal fissures?  

Botox injections are another form of treatment. During this treatment, Botox is injected into the anal sphincter. This stops the muscles in the anal area from going into spasms by temporarily paralysing the muscle. This promotes the healing of anal fissures and also protects against the formation of new ones.

In the event that the anal fissure does not show any positive outcome with other treatments, doctors may perform another procedure an anal sphincterotomy. This is a minor surgery, where a medical expert makes a small cut in the anal sphincter to relax the muscle. This causes the muscles to heal faster.

Fissures that do not heal may mean the need for further investigation. Check with your doctor if you need further tests.

Is it possible to prevent anal fissures?

It is difficult to prevent the development of anal fissures. However, there are certain measures patients can take to lower the risk of developing anal fissures.

  • Regular exercise to prevent constipation
  • Ensure timely treatment for diarrhoea
  • Keep anal region clean  and dry
  • Drink adequate fluids
  • Include sufficient vegetable, fibre, and fruits in the diet
  • In the case of babies, diapers must be changed often

How does regular physical activity prevent anal fissures?

Regular and moderate physical activity, which means at least 30 minutes or more of walking or any other form of exercise, enhances blood circulation to all body parts. This improves bowel movements and can prevent the formation of anal fissures. 

What are the steps to adopt good anal hygiene?

Good anal hygiene plays an important part in reducing the risk of developing anal fissures.

  • Wash the anal region clean everyday with water. Additionally, use a soap-free cleanser or cream instead of soap to clean the anal area. Natural oils help protect the anus and prevent dryness and itching in the area. Harsh soaps can deplete these natural oils.
  • Also, do not use too much force while wiping with toilet paper. This can cause the skin to chaf leading to inflammation or infection.  
  • Never use chemicals or cleansing wipes in the anal region
  • Avoid sitting on the toilet for a long time

Best treatment options for anal fissures

Surgery is the best treatment option for chronic anal fissures in.  Anal fissure surgery or sphincterotomy is not even as painful as the fissure itself.

Our treatment is complete with everything under one roof. As a first step, we completely understand your medical history as well as your medical condition. For instance, our services are as follows:

  • Choose the right specialist and schedule your appointment for consultation
  • Provide  precise information about treatment options
  • Help take the decision to undergo surgery or not
  • Taking care of your medical insurance if any
  • Providing post-treatment care where required
  • Assisting with nutrition and diet consultation
  • Offering tips for preventing recurrence of fissures

Lateral internal sphincterotomy

The best surgical option for the treatment of chronic anal fissures is a lateral internal sphincterotomy. According to statistics, more than 90% of patients undergoing this surgery completely heal. Sphincterotomy is usually performed under local anaesthesia. The healing time after sphincterotomy is 8 weeks and patients are completely normal within this timeframe. They can also resume their normal activities within 2 to 3 weeks after the surgery.

Some of the surgeons that have a diode laser at their centre also perform laser surgery for anal fissures. The benefit of laser surgery is it can be performed in an outpatient setting. Laser surgery does not require much preparation with no necessity for the hospital admission. Further, laser surgery does not involve wounds and cuts, therefore there is no loss of blood too. The patient can return home in a few hours after the surgery.

Your specialist is in a good position to decide what form of surgery will benefit you the best. This is because laser surgery may not benefit all patients. Take the advice of your specialist and do not delay treatment.

 

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos

Adopt a healthy diet with adequate fibre
Consume plenty of probiotic-rich food
Ensure regular schedule for bowel movements
Reduce intake of alcohol
Limit consumption of caffeine.

Don'ts

Over strain while having a bowel movement
Allow the anal region to remain wet and moist
Eat heavy meals
Regularly consume laxatives
Control the urge to poo

 

 

 

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Stye : The best natural home remedies to ease the pain Styes developing inside the eyelid tend to be more painful whereas external styes are less painful and ooze…
Moringa drink
Moringa: This could be the most nutrient-dense food known to us! Moringa is a lush green tree brimming with over 90 essential nutrients required for a healthy mind and…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
kefir bottle
Kefir: Top reasons why this probiotic drink should be consumed by you Yet another remarkable fermented food, kefir is a much healthier version of yogurt. These chewy white grains can…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
Balneotherapy jacuzzi
5 things you didn’t know about balneotherapy and how you can do it at home Sauna baths have been popular since a long time. But how much more beneficial can balneotherapy be as…
arterial-blood-gas
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Arterial blood gas analysis is a diagnostic procedure used to determine the volume of oxygen and carbon dioxide…
free thyroxine ft4
Free thyroxine test (FT4) The FT4 or free thyroxine test is used to detect the level of free thyroxine of FT4 thyroid…
Milk Thistle skin
Milk Thistle: Find possible cures for fatal diseases in these purple blooms Milk thistle is well-known for treating liver conditions. However, did you know that it comes with a plethora…
Greek Yogurt: Discover the secret ingredient to the real Spartan strength Greek yogurt is probably the tastiest way you can enhance your gut microflora. Read more to find out…
Lung cancer xray
Lobectomy Lobectomy is a surgery where a lobe of the diseased lung is removed. It is mainly done to…
diverticulitis diet
Diverticulitis diet: The right way to eat if you suffer from the disease Are you suffering from diverticultis but clueless about your diet ? Read this complete plan for diverticulitis diet…
folate test
Folate test The Folate test measures and monitors the levels of folic acid in the blood. This test is also…
lipoprotein A
Lipoprotein (A) Test Lipoprotein (A) test is used to measure and monitor the levels of LDL(Low-Density Lipoprotein) in the bloodstream in…
AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS liver
Hepatitis Profile A hepatitis profile or a hepatitis panel is a blood test that checks for markers of hepatitis infection…
Hysteroscopy_procedure
Hysteroscopy Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive tool to help specialists view the uterus to diagnose and even treat several…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
urinary microalbumin test
Urinary Microalbumin Test The urine microalbumin test is a urine test that measures the level of microalbumin or protein in the…
CEA_test
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test CEA or carcinoembryonic test detects the presence of CEA antigen in your blood mainly & determines the effectiveness…
Triglycerides: The most effective steps in bringing the levels down What are trigylcerides ? And how can they lead to the onset of several chronic diseases, many of…
carrageenan seaweed
Carrageenan: How a simple seaweed extract could better your gut health & immunity Eat more ice cream to prevent cold and flu? –With carrageenan you get one simple seaweed extract that…
Rubella IgM test
Rubella IgM Test The Rubella IgM test is a blood test that is performed to diagnose the presence of the rubella…
dandelion weight loss
Caralluma Fimbriata: How to eat this cactus to lose weight Caralluma fimbriata is a miracle cactus that can be safely consumed by most for losing weight and boosting…
Pumpkin Seeds: Why pumpkins are more than just for pies! Pumpkins have been long associated with Halloween carvings and delicious pies. But did you know that pumpkin seeds…
Cordyceps: How the Caterpillar fungus works as a proven cancer-shield Strange as it may sound, but cordyceps or "caterpillar fungus", a fungus variety native to the Himalayas may…
green poop causes
Green poop : What are the reasons and how can you correct it Ever sneak a peek down the toilet only to shockingly find green poop? Why does our poop turn…
complement c4 test
Anemia Profile Anemia Profile test (Basic) is a blood screening test that measures the levels of important components of the…
apolipoprotein a1 test
Apolipoprotein -A1 (APO-A1) Test Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo-A1) constitutes 70% of protein content in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and helps in lipid metabolism.
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
Juice Plus: Can you really replace actual fruits with pills?  Juice Plus supplements intend to fill nutritional gaps present in our daily diet. But how successful have they…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
Jack in the box fast food
Jack In the Box : The perils of surging fast food culture in the USA Jack in the Box - How a culture of fast-food can clog your arteries, weaken your heart, fatten…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
Is bronchitis contagious? And how to prevent this infection? It is acute bronchitis that is contagious which means you can contract it from another person or you…
cytomegalovirus iGG
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)- IgG Test The cytomegalovirus IgG is the immunoglobulin protein produced by our immune system when the body is infected by…
woman with abdominal pain holding ovulation calendar
Ovulation – facts to know about ovulation Learn how and when ovulation occurs, demystify common misconceptions, identify symptoms, methods of detection and right period for…
phenytoin test
Phenytoin test Phenytoin is a drug that is administered mainly to epilepsy patients. The phenytoin blood test measures the level…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A tTg test is…
Chlorella: Therapeutic powers of the billion-year-old algae now within your reach Chlorella - A billion year old nutrient-rich algae that can potentially ward off cancers and high cholesterol; the…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
tonometry
Tonometry Tonometry uses a device called tonometer to measure the pressure inside the eye. This pressure is depends upon…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
dhea adrenal
Androstenedione Test Androstenedione is produced by the adrenal gland, the test of the levels of Androstenedione helps in the evaluation…
GM Diet: The fastest way to lose weight or yet another hoax diet? General Motors started this trend of extreme dieting for 7 straight days to ensure its employees were able…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…
rosacea-treatment--before-_-after
The best and safest ways to treat rosacea Rosacea is a skin disease that is characterized by reddish hives and rashes on the face. Read more…
about mediterranean diet
Why you should be adopting a Mediterranean style of diet today Ever wondered why the Mediterranean diet is so healthy? One simple solution to lowering risk of several deadliest…
CERULOPLASMIN- triple marker
Triple Marker Test A triple marker test is an important prenatal test that is performed to detect the presence of chromosomal…
working mom with kids
Practical Motherhood Tips for Working Women Check out these effective tips for working mothers to manage motherhood and work life. Raise your children easily…
kidney stones
Kidney stones Kidney stones are solid substances made up of crystals. They can be of various sizes. Treatment depend on…
Dragon Fruit – Blessing from Nature’s Basket Dragon fruit is packed with nutrients but low on calories. It is the dream food that can help…
Bubble Tea: Bubbling with nutrition or a hidden sugar mine? The tapioca pearls present in the tea looks like bubbles and hence the name bubble tea became popular.…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
BRAT Diet: What is the right way to follow this diarrhea-relieving diet? BRAT diet, a simple diet consisting of just bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, can help you combat the…

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