Wisdom Teeth

Wisdom teeth model

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of wisdom teeth

Oral health is an essential component of a healthy lifestyle. Negligence of oral health and limited dental care practices can cause several complications like dental decay and even loss of teeth. One common problem pertaining to oral health is the emergence of “wisdom teeth”. It should be made clear in the first place that the eruption of wisdom teeth is not some dental disorder. But the associated complications should be taken into account. In most cases, painful and impacted wisdom teeth are found to appear which makes it compulsory to uproot those teeth. Wisdom teeth are one of the leading causes of dental surgery. They impact the cost of hospitalization in every nation.

 

What are wisdom teeth?

Wisdom teeth modelWisdom teeth, also known as “third molar” are the last set of permanent teeth that appear in an individual. They usually erupt in the late teens or early twenties (17-25 years).

A normal adult typically has 32 teeth. Four additional teeth (wisdom teeth) appear after a certain age in the upper and lower jaws (at the back of the mouth). In few rare cases, more than four wisdom teeth can appear.

Wisdom teeth cause a lot of pain and complications while erupting. The pain is severe in those cases where the jaw is very small to make room for new teeth. In such cases, the wisdom teeth break through the gums in a slant position. Doctors call them “impacted wisdom teeth”. At times, due to the acute shortage of space, wisdom teeth do not erupt at all. They remain buried (trapped) beneath the gums. These are called “trapped wisdom teeth”.

 

Symptoms of wisdom teeth

Severe symptoms and complications arise at the time of eruption of impacted teeth. These are as follows-

  • Gum disease: Gum infections and periodontal diseases occur when food particles and bacteria linger between the emerging teeth and the gum. Acute gum inflammation and infections occur in such cases. It is prevalent in 50-60% of patients.
  • Dental caries: The wisdom teeth often emerge in an angular fashion. It makes the proper cleaning of the teeth (removal of dental plaque) becomes impossible. This often leads to dental decay and caries in the teeth. 25-30% of patients suffer from this condition.
  • Teeth crowding: Due to the abnormal slanted position of the teeth, the neighboring teeth are often displaced. After that, those teeth attain an angular position. This may worsen during the full growth phase of the wisdom teeth.
  • Root recession: Due to multiple factors like pressure created by the new teeth, infection and inflammation of surrounding tissue (occurs in dental plaque), the root of the adjoining teeth start to recede and gradually disappear.
  • Cyst: Fluid-filled blisters or cysts may appear in the vicinity of the new teeth. With time, it affects the jaw bone. It occurs in less than 1% of patients.

Wisdom teeth childApart from these, the following additional symptoms might appear-

  • Severe pain due to the swelling of the jaw and cheek region
  • Pain in the gums
  • Tenderness and touch sensitivity in the areas adjacent to the new teeth
  • A toothache
  • Reddish and swollen gums
  • Bad taste in the mouth on biting with the wisdom teeth or neighboring teeth
  • A headache that originates from persistent pain in the jaw
  • Difficulty chewing, swallowing or opening the mouth
  • Bad breath
  • Occasional fever
  • Recurrent infection of the gum that passes over a portion of a teeth (pericoronitis)
  • Formation of abscess in the gums

 

What are the different types of wisdom teeth?

This section will discuss the different categories of wisdom teeth-

  • Unerupted teeth: It is the initial phase where the wisdom tooth remains within the jaw. It is covered by tissues and bones (partially). Pain at this stage is an indicator of the emergence of wisdom teeth.
  • Partially erupted teeth: In this phase, the wisdom tooth does not develop fully. They are still in the stage of growth.
  • Impacted teeth: An impacted wisdom tooth occurs when the jaw area is relatively small. It is not capable of accommodating more teeth. Obstruction and pressure from the adjoining teeth aggravate the situation. In this case, the wisdom tooth erupts in an angular position.

 

What anesthetics do the dentists use?

In most cases, wisdom teeth give rise to severe complications and impede the normal healthy lifestyle. In such cases, the doctors advise surgery and complete removal of teeth. The following anesthetics are normally used before surgery or to alleviate the pain in general-

  • Local anesthetic: After injection into the gums, a local anesthetic is used to create numbness of the jaw in order to facilitate a painless surgical treatment.
  • Intravenous sedative: The intravenous sedative is usually injected into the arm even before injecting local anesthetic. This makes the patient drowsy and does not make him feel any pain during the operation.
  • General anesthetic: It is injected only during a very complicated and critical wisdom teeth surgery which causes the person to sleep.

 

What are the complications after surgery?

The following symptoms may be observed after surgery of wisdom teeth-

  • Persistent pain for 3 to 7 days
  • Swelling of jaw and cheeks within 2-3 days of surgery
  • Bruising is observed on the cheek, face or upper part of the neck (ecchymosis)
  • Production of blood tinged saliva
  • Hemorrhage
  • The stiffness of jaw lasting for a couple of days
  • Difficulty swallowing (soft food recommended in the post-surgery period)
  • The extreme sensitivity of teeth
  • Bad breath that stays for a week
  • Cellulitis, hemorrhage or abscess formation due to soft tissue infections
  • Displacement of adjacent tooth
  • Fracture of the mandible (lower jawbone) or maxilla (upper jaw bone)

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

Wisdom teeth xrayDental probe and dental radiograph are recommended for the proper diagnosis of wisdom teeth. Treatment for impacted wisdom teeth is as follows.

  • Impacted wisdom teeth will need to be extracted. Here, the dentist will make a slit in the gums and move any obstruction at the base of the impacted tooth. Post which the gums are stitched and gauze is put in place of the empty socket.
  • Post the wisdom teeth extraction; doctors will give the patients instructions on how to go about caring for the wound.

 

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos

• Keep your activities to the minimum, as you will need enough rest after your wisdom teeth are extracted.
• Consume soft foods such as jell-o, yogurt, putting etc. consuming solid food will cause more main.
• Use an ice pack to help relieve pain.

Don'ts
  • Brush your teeth for the first 24 hours as this could be very painful.
  • Consume carbonated, caffeine, hot or alcoholic beverages, they tend to dry the mouth and cause more pain.
  • Consume tobacco as it can slow down the healing process.

 

 

 

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Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
Shilajit: A miracle Himalayan herb for an active and happy life The Himalayas contain more wonders than you thought. Shilajit is a miracle herb that is widely used in…
Jack in the box fast food
Jack In the Box : The perils of surging fast food culture in the USA Jack in the Box - How a culture of fast-food can clog your arteries, weaken your heart, fatten…
anti ds dna test
Anti Ds-DNA antibody Test The  Anti Ds-DNA antibody test is used to diagnose the disease called lupus or more aptly the SLE(Systematic…
Ca 19.9 test
CA19.9 Test CA 19.9 is a cancer antigen that exists on the surface of cancer-causing cells. The levels of CA…
These are the top foods to increase your hemoglobin count It is important to add iron-rich foods into your diet in order to increase hemoglobin. Deficiency of hemoglobin could…
Vagus nerve: 7 health benefits of stimulating the “gut-brain” connection As a matter of fact, there are two vagus nerves namely the left and the right but is…
Chest X-Ray A chest x-ray is a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to visualize the structures inside your chest. It…
CLA: A breakthrough weight loss supplement with minimal side effects Tried every weight loss supplement in the market with no substantial gain? Why not try CLA supplements, derived…
HSV-1_IGG
Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody & stays in the blood…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
What is Qigong and how can it help you channelize you inner “Qi”? Qigong is an integrated way of performing a traditional exercise regimen that can help in promoting health, mental…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A tTg test is…
6 arguments in favour of glucosamine and where can you find it Studies have shown that glucosamine works by preventing the breakdown of cartilage of the joints. This is usually…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
vital organ diseases
Common diseases that could cripple your vital organs Brain, heart, kidney, lungs, and liver - these vital organs are indeed vital for your survival. However, these…
Cordyceps: How the Caterpillar fungus works as a proven cancer-shield Strange as it may sound, but cordyceps or "caterpillar fungus", a fungus variety native to the Himalayas may…
reflexology massage
Top reasons why you should go for a reflexology massage today Reflexology involves the application of pressure to your feet and hands to encourage self-healing. Could this be beneficial…
General adaptation syndrome: Understanding stress, one step at a time The struggle of the body to produce hormones during a stressful situation is the main theme of general…
Thyroid disorders
Thyroid Profile Thyroid profile is a panel of blood tests performed to check if an individual is suffering from any…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
Hibiscus: Nourish your beauty and health with these vibrant blooms Hibiscus is a trumpet shaped flower found abundantly in tropical countries. It has been historically used for its…
Erythritol: A healthy sugar substitute or yet another marketing ploy? Erythritol is a popular choice of a healthy alternative sweetening agent in foods. But how healthy can a…
Trisodium Phosphate: How a paint thinner made its way into your breakfast Ever thought how toxic chemicals find their way into our foods? How can they harm our body? And…
folate test
Folate test The Folate test measures and monitors the levels of folic acid in the blood. This test is also…
Psyllium Husk: More than just an effective natural laxative Psyllium husk, or isabgol, is a popular natural laxative . But did you in addition to regulating bowels,…
Alp enzyme-test
ALP test – Alkaline Phosphate ALP or alkaline phosphate is an enzyme mainly produced by the liver and gallbladder. ALP test measures the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
edamame
Edamame: How healthy are these green baby beans? Edamame or "immature" soybeans are soft and easily digestable forms of soybeans that are great as an eveyday…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium chloride
Halotherapy: How inhaling salt can work wonders for your body Halotherapy is quickly gaining popularity amongst those with respiratory diseases. It has shown promise in its treatment.
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…

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