Thyromegaly

Thyromegaly goitre

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

The most common visible sign of thyroid cancer is a lump in the neck region that tends to grow in size quickly. This lump is usually painful and the pain radiates to the ears as well. The voice of the individual tends to become hoarse, and this change in voice is permanent. The lump causes difficulty in swallowing and breathing too. Most people complain of a cough in the initial stages that doesn’t go away. Thyromegaly or enlarged thyroid is often associated with the same early symptoms as thyroid cancer. However, as discussed above thyroid cancer is not the only reason why your thyroid gland can swell up.
An ultrasound can easily detect if there are any nodules present on the thyroid gland and whether these nodules need to be sent for biopsy. Ultrasound procedure for Thyromegaly can also tell if the gland is growing in size or not. The following are the signs of malignancy in the thyroid gland as detected by the ultrasound: • Nodule is filled with live tissue • Has blood flowing through it • There is only one nodule • There are no sharp edges around the nodule However, these alone do not confirm malignancy. The biopsy report carries the final word on this.
Thyromegaly and goiter refer to the same thing. An enlarged thyroid or goiter is most commonly caused by iodine deficiency in the body. It can be associated with both extremes – hypothyroidism (insufficient thyroid hormones) and hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormones).Additionally, an enlarged thyroid or goiter can also occur as a result of tiny nodules present on the thyroid gland.
As per studies, 5% of cases where there are thyroid nodules present on the gland are linked to thyroid cancer. The risk of thyroid cancer increases with the increase in the size (not number) of the nodules. In fact, the presence of multiple nodules could mean that the nodules are benign. If detected early, thyroid cancer is highly treatable. The 5 year survival rate of thyroid cancer patients is 98%.
What causes an enlarged thyroid gland?

Goiter can be caused due to many factors. Common factors include iodine deficiency and producing too much or too little thyroid hormones, T3 and T4. Other conditions that can cause an enlarged thyroid are Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s disease.

Can an enlarged thyroid cause choking?

A goiter or an enlarged thyroid gland is usually painless. However, a large goiter can cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing. It can also cause coughing and a tight feeling in the throat.

Can an enlarged thyroid shrink?

If the thyroid is enlarged, it can be shrunk by medication. Generally, L-thyroxine, the synthetic form of thyroid hormone, is prescribed. In some cases, radioactive iodine is administered to destroy thyroid tissues without harming other tissues. In extreme cases, where the goiter is compressing adjacent tissues, surgery might be required.

Overview of Thyromegaly

The thyroid gland is an essential part of the human body responsible for the production of hormones that regulate metabolism, body temperature and enhance growth and development of the body. Abnormalities in the functioning of the thyroid gland can lead to several clinical complications within the human body. According to recent epidemiological studies by American Thyroid Association, nearly 200 million people all over the world have some form of thyroid disease.

A major disease of the thyroid gland is Thyromegaly, which manifests with the enlargement of the thyroid gland. It is associated with numerous other clinical complications as well. There have been incidences in the past which show that thyroid enlargement can also be a serious indicator of malignancy. Around 62,450 new cases of Thyroid Cancer have been reported recently. It is high time people grow awareness of thyroid disorders and the ways to prevent them.

What is thyromegaly?

Thyromegaly goitreThyromegaly is the medical condition in which an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland occurs. It is manifested as a visible swelling below Adam’s apple in both men and women.

The disease is mainly attributed to the dysfunctions of the thyroid gland.

In most of the cases studied so far, women are more likely to develop thyromegaly than men of the same age. Heredity also plays a significant role in the diagnosed cases of the enlarged thyroid gland.

What are the main causes of thyromegaly?

Thyromegaly is triggered by a number of physical, genetic and dietary factors. The commonly analysed causes of the disease are given below-

  • Autoimmune diseases: Under few pathological conditions, the immune system of the body may attack the thyroid gland cells and associated enzymes. The remaining thyroid cells and enzymes are inadequate to produce the required amount of thyroid hormones. This may lead to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or atrophic thyroiditis.
  • Surgery: In few cancer patients, surgical removal of a part or the entire thyroid gland is carried out in order to prevent the spread of cancerous cells. In such cases, the thyroid gland is incapacitated and cannot produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the body’s requirements.
  • Radiotherapy: Patients of Grave’s disease, Thyroid cancer or Nodular Goitre often receive radioactive iodine treatment (I-131). Again, patients suffering from cancers of head and neck region, Hodgkin’s disease or Lymphoma also undergo radiation therapy. These radiations can cause thyroid gland enlargement.
  • Congenital defect: Few infants have malformed or partially formed thyroid glands from birth. Thyroid glands may be absent at birth or positioned in the wrong place (ectopic thyroid) in few cases. In some other cases, the thyroid cells or enzymes do not function normally. All of these factors may equally contribute to a swollen thyroid gland.
  • Thyroiditis: In this condition, inflammation of the thyroid gland occurs due to autoimmune diseases or viral infections. This causes a burst of the thyroid hormones into the bloodstream all at once, causing a short period of hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism.
  • Medications: Certain over-the-counter drugs like interleukin-2, amiodarone, lithium, interferon alpha can disturb the normal mechanism of thyroid hormone production. People having a familial history of hypothyroidism or autoimmune diseases are predisposed to such conditions.
  • Iodine imbalance: Deficiency of iodine in the body or in the daily diet can cause thyromegaly.
  • Pituitary gland dysfunctions: The pituitary gland regulates the hormone production mechanism of the thyroid gland. Dysfunctions of the pituitary gland may be caused by radiotherapies, malignant tumors or surgeries that may induce thyromegaly.
  • Existing diseases: Few pre-existing diseases like amyloidosis (protein deposition), sarcoidosis (granuloma) or hemochromatosis (iron deposition) can disrupt thyroid gland functions and cause thyroid gland swelling.
  • Heredity: Ancestral history of hypothyroidism or any other endocrinal disorder can increase risks of thyromegaly in the future generations.

Tired of looking for natural remedies for your thyroid issues? Try these safe and tested solutions to improve your thyroid profile.


What are the symptoms of thyromegaly?

Thyromegaly thyroidGiven below are some of the common symptoms of thyromegaly-

  • Swollen thyroid gland
  • Cough due to tightness in the oesophageal region
  • Difficulty breathing and swallowing food
  • Alteration in voice and loss of modulating capacity
  • Headache, dizziness and general malaise
  • Fever (if infection is present)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Dry hair and brittle nails (due the degeneration of keratin cells)
  • Swollen face
  • Bowel incontinence
  • Abnormal weight loss or gain
  • Muscle weakness
  • Elevated blood pressure and cholesterol level
  • Impaired growth in children


What are the different types of thyromegaly?

Enlargement of the thyroid gland may be classified as follows-

  • Aberrant type: Swelling of the supernumerary thyroid gland occurs.
  • Adenomatous type: Results from adenoma or multiple colloid nodules of the thyroid gland.
  • Basedow type: Hyperfunctioning of the thyroid gland after the administration of iodine.
  • Colloid type: Large and soft, filled with colloid
  • Cystic type: Cysts formed from by mucoid or colloid degeneration
  • Endemic type: Occurs in a particular geographical area
  • Fibrous type: The thyroid capsule and the stroma are hyperplastic
  • Follicular type: The thyroid parenchyma is affected.
  • Intrathoracic type: A part of the enlarged thyroid gland pushes into the thoracic cavity.
  • Iodide type: Occurs due to the presence of high levels of iodine.
  • Multinodular type: Occurrence of circumscribed nodules in the thyroid gland
  • Parenchymatous type: Increase in follicles and proliferation of the epithelium.
  • Perivascular type: Surrounds a large blood vessel.
  • Retrovascular type: Processes behind a large blood vessel.
  • Substernal type: The lowermost portion of the enlarged gland lies below the sternum.
  • Vascular type: Arises from dilation of the blood vessels of the thyroid gland.

Diagnosis

  • Blood tests (T4 and TSH tests)
  • Thyroid antibody test
  • Ultrasound of thyroid gland
  • Radioiodine scan
  • Thyroid fine needle biopsy

Treatment and Prevention

Thyromegaly surgeryThe exact treatment for thyromegaly depends on the exact condition of the thyroid. If the swelling is too less, the doctor may adopt a “wait-and-see” approach, while asking the patients to bring necessary changes in the diet. If the patient has low iodine levels, potassium iodide may be prescribed. Medicines which control the enlargement of the thyroid gland may be suggested by the doctor. In worst case scenario, such as too much swelling of the thyroid gland and/or thyroid cancer, surgery is the most effective option.

If one has a family history of thyroid issues, one can adopt a few preventive measures such as following a thyroid-healthy diet and refraining from smoking and drinking. One should be careful of fluoride contamination in water. Crash diets are a strict no-no. Be wary of environmental toxins and reduce exposure to harmful radiations (x-rays).

The most common visible sign of thyroid cancer is a lump in the neck region that tends to grow in size quickly. This lump is usually painful and the pain radiates to the ears as well. The voice of the individual tends to become hoarse, and this change in voice is permanent. The lump causes difficulty in swallowing and breathing too. Most people complain of a cough in the initial stages that doesn’t go away. Thyromegaly or enlarged thyroid is often associated with the same early symptoms as thyroid cancer. However, as discussed above thyroid cancer is not the only reason why your thyroid gland can swell up.
An ultrasound can easily detect if there are any nodules present on the thyroid gland and whether these nodules need to be sent for biopsy. Ultrasound procedure for Thyromegaly can also tell if the gland is growing in size or not. The following are the signs of malignancy in the thyroid gland as detected by the ultrasound: • Nodule is filled with live tissue • Has blood flowing through it • There is only one nodule • There are no sharp edges around the nodule However, these alone do not confirm malignancy. The biopsy report carries the final word on this.
Thyromegaly and goiter refer to the same thing. An enlarged thyroid or goiter is most commonly caused by iodine deficiency in the body. It can be associated with both extremes – hypothyroidism (insufficient thyroid hormones) and hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormones).Additionally, an enlarged thyroid or goiter can also occur as a result of tiny nodules present on the thyroid gland.
As per studies, 5% of cases where there are thyroid nodules present on the gland are linked to thyroid cancer. The risk of thyroid cancer increases with the increase in the size (not number) of the nodules. In fact, the presence of multiple nodules could mean that the nodules are benign. If detected early, thyroid cancer is highly treatable. The 5 year survival rate of thyroid cancer patients is 98%.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Pregnant women should get their blood serum levels tested regularly to keep a check on irregular thyroid hormones levels.
  • Natural and herbal remedies such as flaxseeds, watercress, and barley water can be effective. But take these only after consulting the doctor.

 

Don'ts
  • Consume cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, kale, turnip, and broccoli.
  • Ignore a swollen neck, even if it is painless.
  • Eat soy products such as soy milk and tofu.

 

 

 

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GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
dandelion weight loss
Caralluma Fimbriata: How to eat this cactus to lose weight Caralluma fimbriata is a miracle cactus that can be safely consumed by most for losing weight and boosting…
eating disorder anorexia
Eating Disorders: Lifestyle choice or a psychological condition? Is eating disorder just a harmless bad habit? Or does it represent grim psychological disorders? Do you want…
apolipoprotein a1 test
Apolipoprotein -A1 (APO-A1) Test Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo-A1) constitutes 70% of protein content in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and helps in lipid metabolism.
Ovarian cyst diagnosis and treatment
Ovarian cysts Know everything about ovarian cysts, its causes, types, diagnosis and treatment options such as home remedies and surgical…
Ovarian cyst diagnosis and treatment
Ovarian cysts Know everything about ovarian cysts, its causes, types, diagnosis and treatment options such as home remedies and surgical…
Heart diseases patient
Heart Valve Surgery A heart valve surgery is a procedure to replace or repair the diseased heart valves. The most commonly…
Coffee Enema: Turn your favorite morning beverage into a powerful colon cleanser The wonders of coffee are not just limited to waking you up every morning. You can now use…
Oxidative Stress: Understanding the most lethal phenomenon happening in your body right now Free radicals cause damage to the body, which is known as oxidation.  The amount of oxidation caused by…
Shilajit: A miracle Himalayan herb for an active and happy life The Himalayas contain more wonders than you thought. Shilajit is a miracle herb that is widely used in…
Anhedonia: Does the chronic inability to feel joy affect you too? How often do you feel dragged down by an invisible force? Do you feel an inexplicable emotional numbness…
biopsy procedure
Biopsy Biopsy is a procedure of studying a live tissue sample collected from a specific organ for diagnosing a…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) test Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme that is found in every cell of the body and it plays…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
rosacea-treatment--before-_-after
The best and safest ways to treat rosacea Rosacea is a skin disease that is characterized by reddish hives and rashes on the face. Read more…
General adaptation syndrome: Understanding stress, one step at a time The struggle of the body to produce hormones during a stressful situation is the main theme of general…
Thyroid disorders
Thyroid Profile Thyroid profile is a panel of blood tests performed to check if an individual is suffering from any…
APL IgM Test
Antiphospholipid Antibody(APL)-IgM test The antiphospholipid antibodies are specific protein in the body directed against the phospholipids. It is used to detect…
alcohol toxic
7 startling facts that will make you quit alcohol today Does drinking really make you friendly and happy? How many calories does a can of cold beer add…
helping friend with depression
Support and care tips for helping people with depression Read to find out what is depression, its causes and symptoms. Also check out the steps describing how…
Blood Disorders cancer
Immunotherapy immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts the body's immune system to identify the cancer cells and fight cancer.
Lung cancer xray
Lobectomy Lobectomy is a surgery where a lobe of the diseased lung is removed. It is mainly done to…
heartfail_2
Open Heart Surgery An open heart surgery is a major procedure performed to treat heart diseases like congenital heart problem, heart…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
BRAT Diet: What is the right way to follow this diarrhea-relieving diet? BRAT diet, a simple diet consisting of just bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, can help you combat the…
lipoprotein A
Lipoprotein (A) Test Lipoprotein (A) test is used to measure and monitor the levels of LDL(Low-Density Lipoprotein) in the bloodstream in…
Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
Vitamin K2: 8 reasons why you need this bone-building & cancer-fighting nutrient Vitamin K2 is claimed to be essential for your bone health, for reducing the risk of cancer, and…
Jack in the box fast food
Jack In the Box : The perils of surging fast food culture in the USA Jack in the Box - How a culture of fast-food can clog your arteries, weaken your heart, fatten…
anti ds dna test
Anti Ds-DNA antibody Test The  Anti Ds-DNA antibody test is used to diagnose the disease called lupus or more aptly the SLE(Systematic…
Ca 19.9 test
CA19.9 Test CA 19.9 is a cancer antigen that exists on the surface of cancer-causing cells. The levels of CA…
Vagus nerve: 7 health benefits of stimulating the “gut-brain” connection As a matter of fact, there are two vagus nerves namely the left and the right but is…
Chest X-Ray A chest x-ray is a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to visualize the structures inside your chest. It…
CLA: A breakthrough weight loss supplement with minimal side effects Tried every weight loss supplement in the market with no substantial gain? Why not try CLA supplements, derived…
HSV-1_IGG
Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody & stays in the blood…
What is Qigong and how can it help you channelize you inner “Qi”? Qigong is an integrated way of performing a traditional exercise regimen that can help in promoting health, mental…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A tTg test is…
6 arguments in favour of glucosamine and where can you find it Studies have shown that glucosamine works by preventing the breakdown of cartilage of the joints. This is usually…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
Cordyceps: How the Caterpillar fungus works as a proven cancer-shield Strange as it may sound, but cordyceps or "caterpillar fungus", a fungus variety native to the Himalayas may…
Bronchoscopy procedure
Bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy is a procedure where in a scope is inserted into the lung pathway to observe any growth…
Hydroquinone: Is it the best topical treatment for hyperpigmentation? Darkening of the skin due to high melanin levels is called hyperpigmentation.  Hydroquinone interferes with melanin production thus treating…
SIBO Diet: The important dos and don’ts of this gut-healing diet A SIBO diet is a diet that works by eliminating certain sugars from your diet and adding fibers…
Milk Thistle skin
Milk Thistle: Find possible cures for fatal diseases in these purple blooms Milk thistle is well-known for treating liver conditions. However, did you know that it comes with a plethora…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
Hibiscus: Nourish your beauty and health with these vibrant blooms Hibiscus is a trumpet shaped flower found abundantly in tropical countries. It has been historically used for its…
Erythritol: A healthy sugar substitute or yet another marketing ploy? Erythritol is a popular choice of a healthy alternative sweetening agent in foods. But how healthy can a…
Trisodium Phosphate: How a paint thinner made its way into your breakfast Ever thought how toxic chemicals find their way into our foods? How can they harm our body? And…
folate test
Folate test The Folate test measures and monitors the levels of folic acid in the blood. This test is also…
Alp enzyme-test
ALP test – Alkaline Phosphate ALP or alkaline phosphate is an enzyme mainly produced by the liver and gallbladder. ALP test measures the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium chloride
Halotherapy: How inhaling salt can work wonders for your body Halotherapy is quickly gaining popularity amongst those with respiratory diseases. It has shown promise in its treatment.
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…

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