Muteness

Muteness and sign language

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

There are many causes related to muteness. The main causes of muteness in adults, however, are neurological damage and/or dysfunction of the speech muscles. Patients of Alzeihmer’s , Parkinson’s, and meningitis and those who have experienced trauma/injury in the head or neck area are likely to suffer from muteness. In children, muteness is often due to psychological reasons and is termed as selective muteness
An individual who is born with physical deformities in the vocal cords and/or has congenital deafness is born mute. Genetic factors play an important here. If a child has at least one parent with congenital vocal cord dysfunction, he/she is more likely to be born mute. However, if one of the parents acquired muteness owing to some injury or illness, the trait of muteness is not passed on.
Anything which restricts a person’s movements, senses, or activities is a disability. Since muteness is a severe restriction of sensory output, it is categorized as a disability. It handicaps a person’s ability to follow daily routine normally. People with speech disorders are, therefore, liable to obtain special benefits from regulatory bodies.
It is not necessary that the conditions of muteness and deafness will always co-exist. People who are deaf by birth, and hence mute since they cannot sense auditory signals that will help them build vocal ability, are the ones in which deafness and muteness occur together. However, people who become mute because of injury or illness retain their sense of hearing.

What is muteness?

Muteness or Mutism is medically defined as a speech affliction wherein the patient is unable to have the normal capacity to speak resulting in the complete absence or at least a significant loss of verbal communication and is charted under both psychiatric and neurological diseases. Rarely occurring as an isolated disorder, it is often prevalent in association with other ailments pertaining to cognitive abilities, disturbances in behavior or a related physiological disorder. Owing to its widespread existence and a host of causal factor triggering it, an effective understanding of this disability involves an in-depth study of the underlying neurological and psychological issues that form the basis of mutism.

How can Mutism be categorized?

Muteness and sign languageMutism can be broadly categorized in terms of the type of factors that incite it in patients namely – Neurologically based and psychologically based.

Neurologically based mutism: The type of mutism which is caused by physical impairment of brain or speech motor system due to a multitude of reasons including birth defects, accidents, head or neck injuries, strokes or Parkinson’s Disease.  A bilateral damage to the frontal lobe of the brain which renders the patient unable to move the Akinesia causes the Akinetic Mutism. Here, along with speech, other abilities such as motor control, arousal etc is also similarly impaired.

Another related type of mutism is prevalent in autistic children, where the child faces immense difficulty in developing normal speech patterns due to delayed development of social skills. There also exists Dyslalialic Mutism or muteness caused by deafness where damage to the larynx damages the vocal chords or in general, since the patient is not able to hear words he/she is unable to produce matching sounds to communicate.  For communicating with such patients, sign language is necessary.

Psychologically Based Mutism: The major kind of such mutism is medically termed as Selective Mutism, wherein there is a consistent failure to speak in specific social situations , often triggered by anxiety and presenting itself mostly in professional/educational / social advancement and the continuation of the behavior is more than a month. This is a direct result of an over-excited Amygdala (the fear-detecting centre of the brain) which determines the fight or flight mode of human beings.

Certain social gatherings , especially for a child 3 years who has just learnt speaking  and is entering into a new arena of school, can initiate such mutism. The biggest indicator of selective mutism, which mostly affect children, is that the lack of speech is not due to lack of knowledge or comfort with the spoken language. Children suffering from selective mutism are often additionally characterized with anxiety disorder, social phobia, excessive shyness, fear of social embarrassment and social isolation.

In older patients it is mostly caused by a traumatic event that has resulted in severe mental alterations within the patients.

How does mutism  affect people?

Muteness in childrenA consistent and unexplained fear of communication with others can have debilitating effects on a human being, irrespective of the age. Not only it discourages a healthy mental and social development, the underlying anxiety and associated fears show in the person’s academic and professional performance. They often avoid active participation in activities because that would yield in others focussing their attention on the patient and would most possibly include the patient talking.

Since they are eternally clouded with the fear of being the centre of attraction or in general making mistakes and being noticed, a substantial amount of effort is spent in avoiding such gatherings in general. This in turn gives people an impression that the patient is anti-social and is just segregated from the normal crowd. Growing up in such a tormenting environment, where  every step is pre-calculated owing to unknown fears , snatches away the opportunity from the child of a happy , healthy and normal childhood.

Mutism in adults

While selective mutism is often more widespread in children, it is not uncommon in adults too. Often confused with depression or permanent vegetative state, this ailment needs to be addressed as the neuro-psychological disorder it is and treated before it takes up more severe forms such as Alzheimer’s disease or Jacob-Creutzfeldt disease. Just as in the younger population, the adult mutism patients get panicked too easily when asked to speak. If left untreated in the childhood, selective mutism can manifest itself more significantly in the adulthood causing severely strained emotional bonding with others.

Researches show that the show of selective mutism is sometimes not only caused by the mute person, but also heavily depends upon the expectations of others from the patient to speak and socialize normally in gatherings. This makes the patient feel even more isolated and disconnected with his/her peers, plunging him/her deeper into the solitude.

Treatment & Prevention

Since a majority of cases of mutism are elicited by anxiety disorders , the requisite treatment protocol often focuses on the patient’s mental well-being and thus most of times involves an active participation by the patient’s family members and close friends. To diagnose the symptoms of selective mutism in children Speech –Language Pathologists along with paediatrician and psychiatrist are consulted who work in cohesion with the school and the parents to address the actual underlying issue culminating the speech disability.

The behavioural treatment program, often includes talking with the child in a relaxed manner and atmosphere pertaining to his/her comfort level, using physical gestures while talking to the child, and also having the watch his/her own video to instil confidence in him/her.  Addressing the anxiety disorder and inner esteem issues can be fruitfully used to pinpoint the cause of the selective mutism.

CBT or Cognitive Behavior Treatment is also a powerful contraption used to address and treat hidden anxiety disorders. This includes helping the patient focus on his/her perception about the world and gradually target least-anxiety causing situations to ease the way in of the patient into the therapy. Anti-depressants might be given , but to older children and adults along with the long term treatment to provide a holistic and permanent  freedom from the disability.

There are many causes related to muteness. The main causes of muteness in adults, however, are neurological damage and/or dysfunction of the speech muscles. Patients of Alzeihmer’s , Parkinson’s, and meningitis and those who have experienced trauma/injury in the head or neck area are likely to suffer from muteness. In children, muteness is often due to psychological reasons and is termed as selective muteness
An individual who is born with physical deformities in the vocal cords and/or has congenital deafness is born mute. Genetic factors play an important here. If a child has at least one parent with congenital vocal cord dysfunction, he/she is more likely to be born mute. However, if one of the parents acquired muteness owing to some injury or illness, the trait of muteness is not passed on.
Anything which restricts a person’s movements, senses, or activities is a disability. Since muteness is a severe restriction of sensory output, it is categorized as a disability. It handicaps a person’s ability to follow daily routine normally. People with speech disorders are, therefore, liable to obtain special benefits from regulatory bodies.
It is not necessary that the conditions of muteness and deafness will always co-exist. People who are deaf by birth, and hence mute since they cannot sense auditory signals that will help them build vocal ability, are the ones in which deafness and muteness occur together. However, people who become mute because of injury or illness retain their sense of hearing.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • One should consult a speech therapist or a psychiatrist if the pattern of muteness exists for more than a month.
  • Play therapy, family therapy, and even psychoanalytical therapy are shown desired results in treatment.
  • Always get down the person’s level and have a proper face-to-face conversation, even if he/she doesn’t respond back. Maintain good amount of eye contact.
  • Always listen to them and positively encourage them.
Don'ts
  • Employ a forceful or pressured approach in dealing with this condition.
  • Push individuals to talk by aggressively interrogating them.
  • Bribe the individual for speaking up.
  • Confuse it with wilful or stubborn behaviour. You cannot discipline someone with muteness (or selective muteness) into speaking.

 

 

 

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AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy Ureteroscopy is the diagnostic procedure which is used for the detection of the kidney stones in addition to…
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Hepatitis Profile A hepatitis profile or a hepatitis panel is a blood test that checks for markers of hepatitis infection…
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Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
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Facts about the Shepherd’s diet Kristina Wilds promoted Shepherd's diet, a Christian-based diet that highlights Jesus Christ's diet as mentioned in the Bible.
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Sweeteners – Are They Good or Bad for Our Health? Sweeteners can be artificial and natural. Learn about the different types of sweeteners and their health benefits and…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
improve digestion weight loss
Power up your gut: 8 proven steps on how to improve your digestion Did you know you have a colony of bacteria in your gut that help you in digesting food?…
nutritional yeast bread
Nutritional Yeast : How can a fungi culture be good for your body? Nutritional yeast: How a simple culture of fungi can transform your skin, digestion, immunity , and much more.…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
Salt dangers
Sodium chloride: The wonders and dangers of the simple table salt Sodium chloride is a salt containing sodium and chlorine ions at a 1:1 ratio. It is edible and…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
GERD heartburn
Heartburn: What are the exact symptoms and the best home remedies? There are easy home remedies for heartburn, which not only acts as a first aid when you experience…
Crossfit with rope
CrossFit: Now get the perfectly sculpted body with this explosive gym routine CrossFit is a fitness regimen that makes use of high-intensity exercises in a shorter period to achieve muscle…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
colposcopy
Colposcopy Colposcopy is a simple, quick and non- invasive diagnostic tool to look closely inside the vulva, vagina, and…
Bloodtestalbumin
Albumin Test Albumin test or blood serum test is a liver function test that measures the amount of the protein…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
Is it possible to achieve full body detox with Master Cleanse? Master cleanse is a diet consisting of a lemonade based beverage, a salt water drink and a herbal…
Astaxanthin: Why experts believe it could be 550x more potent than vitamin E! What is astaxanthin and why is this new supplement on the block touted as the most powerful antioxidant…
How to scrub away stress and fatigue with an Epsom salt bath? Epsom salt is a popular home remedy for many skin ailments. Though there is a lack of scientific…
Ear pain model
Easy and safe tips for ear wax removal you can do at home Cerumen impaction generally occurs when an external object like cotton swabs are used to remove the ear wax.…
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5 things you didn’t know about balneotherapy and how you can do it at home Sauna baths have been popular since a long time. But how much more beneficial can balneotherapy be as…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
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Hysteroscopy Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive tool to help specialists view the uterus to diagnose and even treat several…
thyroxine t4 test
T4 (Thyroxine) Hormone Test The T4 or thyroxine blood test is an important diagnostic tool that gives a clear picture of how…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Proteinuria and blood pressure
Hypertension Profile Hypertension profile is a panel of blood tests done to analyse the cause of hypertension or high blood…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
Bromelain: 11 reasons why you should start adding pineapple to your pizza! If you didn't love pineapples already, here are some of the top health benefits that bromelain can bring…
edamame
Edamame: How healthy are these green baby beans? Edamame or "immature" soybeans are soft and easily digestable forms of soybeans that are great as an eveyday…
The right way to prepare Alfalfa sprouts at home Alfalfa or lusan ghas is not just a nutritious animal fodder. This flavonoid-rich herb has some amazing health…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
These are the top foods to increase your hemoglobin count It is important to add iron-rich foods into your diet in order to increase hemoglobin. Deficiency of hemoglobin could…
CBC blood test
CBC (Hemogram 6-part diff) blood test CBC (Hemogram 6-part diff) blood test refers to the test that measures the number of RBCs, WBCs, etc…
helping friend with depression
Support and care tips for helping people with depression Read to find out what is depression, its causes and symptoms. Also check out the steps describing how…
boost immunity tips
Step up your defence: 15 proven tips on how to boost your immunity Want to naturally build up a stronger immunity? Tired of frequent colds and runny nose?You will never believe…
Amaranth: Why is this native Peruvian grain called the “crop of the future”? Full of healthy high proteins and gluten-free, the grain, Amaranth, the tasty and ancient pseudo cereal from Peru,…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
green poop causes
Green poop : What are the reasons and how can you correct it Ever sneak a peek down the toilet only to shockingly find green poop? Why does our poop turn…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
Erythritol: A healthy sugar substitute or yet another marketing ploy? Erythritol is a popular choice of a healthy alternative sweetening agent in foods. But how healthy can a…

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