Sepsis (Blood Poisoning)

septic wound

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Introduction

Protecting the internal organs and tissues from the invasion of pathogens and toxic substances is vital to ensuring the body’s survival and good health. There are several mechanisms that ensure this. For instance, clotting not only prevents the loss of blood but also plugs wounds so that infectious agents and other unwanted substances cannot enter the body by that route. Locating and destroying pathogens is the main function of the immune system. It uses methods such as inflammation in order to neutralize threats like bacteria or viruses.

Sometimes, however, the immune system itself can be responsible for problems within the body. For instance, autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system mistakenly targets healthy cells of the body instead of external agents. Sepsis or blood poisoning is another possible scenario in which an immune response becomes the cause of a major health problem.

What is Sepsis?

sepsis woundSepsis, septicemia, or blood poisoning is a life-threatening condition which can arise as a complication of infection. Certain chemicals released by the immune system aid in fighting and destroying pathogens when infection is detected. At times, these chemicals enter the bloodstream in such large quantities that they can end up circulating throughout the body and causing inflammation in various organs and tissues. Medical practitioners recognize three stages in the progression of this condition. These are sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock, respectively. As the condition escalates, the organs are directly affected as a result of restricted blood supply and may begin to fail, unless treatment is commenced.

What is the Mechanism that Leads to Sepsis?

Generally, the immune system attempts to ensure that an infection remains localized and does not spread to the other parts of the body. It deploys antibodies to help neutralize pathogens and also produces inflammation at the site of infection. When, despite these measures, pathogens manage to spread further into other areas, the immune system becomes overwhelmed and goes into overdrive in an attempt to restrict the infection. This ends up causing widespread inflammation throughout the body. It can damage the tissues and cut off blood supply to vital organs such as the brain and kidneys. This is responsible for organ failure and eventual death in the absence of timely intervention.

Who Is Likely To Develop This Condition?

SEPSIS (BLOOD POISONING)The direct cause of sepsis is an infection, whether bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic in nature. Risk factors include:

  • Any kind of infection, whether a minor localized one or a severe infectious disease such as pneumonia can be responsible for triggering sepsis.
  • Being pregnant is a risk factor.
  • Having a long-term medical condition such as diabetes is also a risk factor.
  • The risk of infection leading to sepsis is higher in individuals with weak immunity. Newborns, for instance, have not yet developed adequate immunity. Individuals who are advanced in age are also likely to have weaker immunity, making them more susceptible to infection, and by extension, conditions such as sepsis. Those suffering from immune deficiency or HIV infection are also at a higher risk. Patients recovering from severe illness or surgery and those taking immunosuppressant medications as part of organ transplantations also have weakened immunity.
  • Those who have sustained major injuries such as extensive burns also tend to be susceptible to developing sepsis.
  • Individuals on artificial respiratory support, dialysis, intravenous tubes or catheters are at risk of contracting the infection through these devices.

Signs of Sepsis

Initial symptoms include:

  • Alternatively, the patient may have a low body temperature.
  • Chills.
  • Elevated heart rate.
  • Rapid breathing.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Diarrhea.

Signs of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock

Severe sepsis is the outcome of damage to organs as a result of reduced blood supply. The patient is deemed to be in a state of septic shock when, in addition to some of the symptoms listed below, their blood pressure begins to drop critically. This can rapidly lead to multiple organ failure.

  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Clammy or mottled skin
  • Reduced urine production.
  • Slurring of speech.
  • Severe breathlessness.
  • Loss of cognition.
  • Falling platelet count.
  • Difficulty in breathing.
  • Abnormal cardiac signs.
  • Reduced body temperature.
  • Loss of consciousness.
  • Severe fatigue.

How Is It Diagnosed?

septic woundPrompt diagnosis and commencement of treatment are crucial in cases of sepsis. The condition can thus be prevented from escalating and damage to vital organs such as the brain, heart or liver can be restricted if not entirely prevented. Usually, blood tests, body temperature, heart rate and rate of respiration provide indications of sepsis. Blood, urine and other bodily fluids are examined for infection. Testing may also take into account wound secretions and respiratory secretions wherever applicable in order to determine the nature of the pathogen.

Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds and computerized tomography (CT) help clarify the extent of damage to organs. There may be several other specialized tests depending on which organs have been impacted. For instance, liver function tests or electrocardiograms may be required. Those diagnosed with severe sepsis will need to be kept in intensive care and their vitals will be closely monitored.

Treatment

  • Antibiotics are prescribed to remove the bacteria from the system.
  • In cases of severe sepsis, medications to help restore blood pressure blood sugar will be given.
  • Supportive care will be provided if the patient is unable to breathe on their own, and dialysis may also be given, depending on the severity of the patient’s condition.
  • In severe cases, surgery to remove the infection or abscess from the body will be conducted.

Prevention 

There are certain risk factors that can help delay the onset of the infection

  • Get a regular check-up done if you are above the age of 60 years.
  • Strengthen your immune system.
  • Do treat all injuries properly and avoid any infections.
  • Take your medications on time.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Ensure that you get a check-up done even if you are mildly sick, to avoid complications.
  • Consume immune system strengthening foods, this helps in providing the body with necessary nutrients.
  • Get a check up done regularly, in case of any infections or if you are above the age of 60 years.
Don'ts
  • Take any injury lightly, as they can lead to sepsis.
  • Ignore hygiene if you have a catheter or breathing tube attached to you, this can lead to infection in the area and therefore sepsis.
  • Ignore your health, if you visit the hospital frequently, knowing the level of your immune system and trying to strengthen it can help reduce the symptoms of this condition.

 

 

 

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Heartburn: What are the exact symptoms and the best home remedies? There are easy home remedies for heartburn, which not only acts as a first aid when you experience…
Crossfit with rope
CrossFit: Now get the perfectly sculpted body with this explosive gym routine CrossFit is a fitness regimen that makes use of high-intensity exercises in a shorter period to achieve muscle…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
colposcopy
Colposcopy Colposcopy is a simple, quick and non- invasive diagnostic tool to look closely inside the vulva, vagina, and…
Bloodtestalbumin
Albumin Test Albumin test or blood serum test is a liver function test that measures the amount of the protein…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
Is it possible to achieve full body detox with Master Cleanse? Master cleanse is a diet consisting of a lemonade based beverage, a salt water drink and a herbal…
How to scrub away stress and fatigue with an Epsom salt bath? Epsom salt is a popular home remedy for many skin ailments. Though there is a lack of scientific…
Ear pain model
Easy and safe tips for ear wax removal you can do at home Cerumen impaction generally occurs when an external object like cotton swabs are used to remove the ear wax.…
Balneotherapy jacuzzi
5 things you didn’t know about balneotherapy and how you can do it at home Sauna baths have been popular since a long time. But how much more beneficial can balneotherapy be as…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
Hysteroscopy_procedure
Hysteroscopy Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive tool to help specialists view the uterus to diagnose and even treat several…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Proteinuria and blood pressure
Hypertension Profile Hypertension profile is a panel of blood tests done to analyse the cause of hypertension or high blood…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
edamame
Edamame: How healthy are these green baby beans? Edamame or "immature" soybeans are soft and easily digestable forms of soybeans that are great as an eveyday…
The right way to prepare Alfalfa sprouts at home Alfalfa or lusan ghas is not just a nutritious animal fodder. This flavonoid-rich herb has some amazing health…
Astaxanthin: Why experts believe it could be 550x more potent than vitamin E! What is astaxanthin and why is this new supplement on the block touted as the most powerful antioxidant…
CBC blood test
CBC (Hemogram 6-part diff) blood test CBC (Hemogram 6-part diff) blood test refers to the test that measures the number of RBCs, WBCs, etc…
blood elements analysis
Blood Element Analysis Test A blood element analysis is a blood test performed to measure the level of toxic elements such as…
thyroxine t4 test
T4 (Thyroxine) Hormone Test The T4 or thyroxine blood test is an important diagnostic tool that gives a clear picture of how…
helping friend with depression
Support and care tips for helping people with depression Read to find out what is depression, its causes and symptoms. Also check out the steps describing how…
boost immunity tips
Step up your defence: 15 proven tips on how to boost your immunity Want to naturally build up a stronger immunity? Tired of frequent colds and runny nose?You will never believe…
Amaranth: Why is this native Peruvian grain called the “crop of the future”? Full of healthy high proteins and gluten-free, the grain, Amaranth, the tasty and ancient pseudo cereal from Peru,…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
green poop causes
Green poop : What are the reasons and how can you correct it Ever sneak a peek down the toilet only to shockingly find green poop? Why does our poop turn…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…

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