Vomiting

Vomiting causes

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are the common symptoms of some existing illnesses. They are equally prevalent in children and adults. They mainly arise from gastrointestinal disorders. Certain other conditions may also be present that may result in similar conditions. In some cases, vomiting is an indicator of certain serious clinical complications that are otherwise asymptomatic. It must be noted that nausea and vomiting are different though one may follow another. This article will present a discussion exclusively on vomiting.

 

What is vomiting?

vomittingVomiting is the process of forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth.

It is also known as emesis or throwing up. It is generally regarded as a protective mechanism to eliminate harmful substances that are consumed with or without one’s knowledge.

Emesis may also result from certain infections or inflammations in the body. In some cases, where the force of ejection is extremely high, the contents may come out of the nose also.

Throwing up occurs when the muscles in the abdominal wall contract repeatedly and vigorously in order to create sufficient pressure necessary to initiate vomiting. This phenomenon is known as “retching”.

Retching may precede or follow vomiting. Vomiting may also be induced through mechanical means.

 

What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?

Vomiting is often confused with regurgitation, but the two phenomena are completely different. In regurgitation, a smooth flow of the ingested food or the stomach acid (gastric juice) occurs from the stomach to the mouth. When the regurgitated content tastes sour or bitter, it may be an indication of reflux disease. In some other cases, where the reversed content and the ingested matter taste almost the same, there is definitely some mechanical problem in the transfer of food from the swallowing tube to the stomach. Another symptom that may appear similar to vomiting is rumination. This is mainly seen in grazing animals. In this case, regurgitation of the ingested food occurs and is followed by rechewing and re-swallowing.

 

What is the difference between vomiting and nausea?

vomitingVomiting and nausea are often used synonymously although there is a marked difference between the two. Nausea is defined as an unpleasant subjective sensation that arises from the irritation of any of the following four regions-

  • The gastrointestinal lining
  • Chemoreceptor trigger zone at the base of the fourth ventricle
  • Vestibular apparatus
  • Cerebral cortex

On the other hand, vomiting is simply a neuromuscular reflex that involves a common pathway which is activated after the stimulation of one or more of the aforementioned regions.

Vomiting may or may not be followed by nausea. But both the conditions are equally stressful and can impact normal life severely.

 

What are the main causes of nausea and vomiting?

A number of clinical, environmental and dietary factors can induce nausea and vomiting in a person. The main factors that precipitate these conditions are as follows-

Medicines: Certain over-the-counter drugs such as corticosteroids and analgesics can cause nausea and vomiting. Chemotherapy drugs and anesthesia can also be equally responsible.

Gastrointestinal tract infections: Bacterial or viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract can cause nausea and vomiting. Any of the following conditions may take place-

  • Gastritis
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Bowel obstruction
  • Pyloric stenosis
  • Peritonitis
  • Cholecystitis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Appendicitis

Infections outside gastrointestinal tract: These may comprise of pneumonia, renal infections, ear infections and meningitis.

Food poisoning: Caused by microbial contamination

Pregnancy: Presents as motion sickness. Mainly caused by hormonal fluctuations.

Alcohol abuse: Vomiting can occur as an indicator of liver damage and cirrhosis.

Sensory system and brain: The following conditions can give rise to emesis.

Sensory system factors: Motion sickness and Meniere’s disease

Brain conditions: Cerebral hemorrhage, concussions, brain tumor, migraine, hydrocephalus

Metabolic disorders: They cause irritation of the stomach and the parts of the brain that trigger vomiting. Some of the conditions are-

  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Adrenal insufficiency
  • Uremia

 

What are the symptoms of vomiting?

Vomiting can be predicted by the following symptoms-

  • Queasy sensation accompanied by stomach sickness
  • Discomfort and uneasiness in the stomach, with or without pain
  • Profuse perspiration
  • Flushed face
  • Increased production of saliva
  • Dizziness and lightheadedness
  • A fear of eating (sitophobia)
  • Feeling full even after a very small meal
  • Loss of appetite

 

What are the different types of vomiting?

Vomiting is of three different types which are discussed below-

Normal vomiting: Vomiting occurs naturally in this case due to the occurrence of some clinical conditions, mainly the gastrointestinal disorders.

Self-induced vomiting: This is the type of vomiting that is induced by external means. Certain emetics can induce vomiting when administered orally. Self-induced vomiting occurs in the following cases-

Eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia (patients tend to purge the ingested food)

To eject poison consumed accidentally

Binge drinking habit (consumed alcohol eliminated in order to make space for more alcohol)

Persistent nausea

Projectile vomiting: It is usually observed in infants and is often a symptom of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The consumed food is expelled with tremendous force through the mouth and the nose.

 

Diagnosis

The following diagnostic tests are conducted in order to detect the exact cause of vomiting-

  • Blood tests: Blood count, measurement of the chemical levels in blood
  • X-rays: To examine the GI tract, abdomen and brain
  • CT scan and MRI
  • Endoscopy: For studying the swallowing tube, the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.

Given below are some of the management techniques of vomiting-

  • Correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance (by introducing potassium or magnesium)
  • Nutritional support
  • Therapy for symptom relief: Phenothiazines, Antihistamines, Dopamine Receptor antagonists
  • Gastric stimulation

 

Treatment & Prevention

vomiting causesIf you feel a vomiting sensation, it is best to stop moving around and sit down.  Drinking something sweet can help curb the vomiting sensation.

Ginger ale is a good option. Avoid drinking anything with high acidic content like citrus fruit juice.

Sucking on ice chips can also help alleviate vomiting sensations.

Vomiting usually subsides once the stomach’s content has been eliminated.

 

In order to avoid dehydration, it is important to drink clear fluids and electrolytes. Avoid anything that strong and pungent flavours. In case the vomiting and nausea is remaining persistent, then it is important to consult the doctor as it might be indicative of an underlying medical condition.

Over-the-counter antiemetic drugs should be avoided under any circumstances since they might lead to some adverse consequences. Be it a mild or severe case of vomiting, the patients should be constantly kept rehydrated in order to avoid convulsions.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Repeated vomiting may lead the body into a state of dehydration. It is important to drink the proper amount of liquids or even suck on ice cubes to maintain healthy levels of hydration.
  • If you feel the urge to vomit, but are not able to (dry heave) try drinking small sips of fruit juices or chew on a small piece of ginger or lime.
  • If you travel frequently and tend to vomit a lot, carry extra puke-bags with you and rehydrate yourself with electrolyte every time you vomit.
Don'ts
  • Treat vomiting as a disease. It is a symptom of an underlying medical condition.
  • Consume milk and caffeine just after a vomiting episode.
  • Eat greasy foods just after vomiting. Refrain from smoking and drinking.

 

 

 

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Biotin: One-stop-shop for shiny hair and an active body! What is common to bananas, eggs, sweet potatoes, and liver? These are delicious and rich in biotin ;…
The complete “what to eat” guide for gluten intolerance Does eating breads and pastas often makes you nauseous? Gluten intolerance is a common reason why you might…
Psyllium Husk: More than just an effective natural laxative Psyllium husk, or isabgol, is a popular natural laxative . But did you in addition to regulating bowels,…
Goji berry: A traditional Chinese berry that packs the best of antioxidants Goji berry is an ancient berry that is considered to be power-packed with nutrients and antioxidants. Which means…
Hydroquinone: Is it the best topical treatment for hyperpigmentation? Darkening of the skin due to high melanin levels is called hyperpigmentation.  Hydroquinone interferes with melanin production thus treating…
Oxalates: How healthy greens can sometimes be bad news for your kidneys Oxalates are compounds present in a majority of healthy foods. However, at times an overconsumption of these could…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
beta hcg test
Beta hCG Test A Beta hCG test measures the level of human gonadotropin hormones present in the blood that is primarliy…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
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Ovulation – facts to know about ovulation Learn how and when ovulation occurs, demystify common misconceptions, identify symptoms, methods of detection and right period for…
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Ashwagandha: The best-kept secret of Ayurveda now revealed! Ashwagandha literally means "smell of horse". Don't get bogged down by that one tiny detail because this ayurveduic…
Salt dangers
Sodium chloride: The wonders and dangers of the simple table salt Sodium chloride is a salt containing sodium and chlorine ions at a 1:1 ratio. It is edible and…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
CEA_test
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test CEA or carcinoembryonic test detects the presence of CEA antigen in your blood mainly & determines the effectiveness…
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Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
yoga health benefits
How to practice yoga for astounding health benefits Can a 5000-year-old system be the ultimate body healer? Did you know yoga can make you smarter and…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
Bromelain: 11 reasons why you should start adding pineapple to your pizza! If you didn't love pineapples already, here are some of the top health benefits that bromelain can bring…
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DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Exercises or diet? Find out the healthiest way to gain weight Tired of being called skinny all the time? Looking for healthy ways to beef up? Why not try…
Is it possible to achieve full body detox with Master Cleanse? Master cleanse is a diet consisting of a lemonade based beverage, a salt water drink and a herbal…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
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Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
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VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
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Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
piles
Best treatment for piles in Bangalore All you need to know about piles and piles treatment in Bangalore - the types of treatment available,…
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Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
The Shepherd's diet
Facts about the Shepherd’s diet Kristina Wilds promoted Shepherd's diet, a Christian-based diet that highlights Jesus Christ's diet as mentioned in the Bible.
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Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
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Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…

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