Anemia

Anaemia woman

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of Anemia 

The prevalence of anemia is the highest in India. At present nearly 50% of India’s population suffers from some form of anemia. A recent survey by the National Institute of Health has revealed that nearly 74% of the pregnant women in India suffer from the disease.

On a regular basis, we come across people who are apparently strong and healthy but are medically not fit. These people suffer from multiple deficiencies like pale skin, breathlessness, muscle cramps, fatigue, frequent palpitation, and sluggishness. These are inevitable symptoms of a hemoglobin deficiency disease namely “anemia”. Due to less severity of the disease at a primary stage, people usually neglect diagnosis and treatment. But when the disease persists for a prolonged period of time, the damages caused to the body are irreparable. According to the records of Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 48 % of infants, 25 % of school children and 42% of pregnant women are victims of this disease worldwide.

What is anemia?

Anemia is the pathological condition in which the red blood cell (RBC) count drops in blood. This, in turn, leads to hemoglobin deficiency and subsequent lack of oxygen supply to blood.

What causes anemia?

Anaemia nailsThere are numerous etiological factors behind anemia. Listed below are few clinical conditions that predispose the body to the disease –

  • Iron deficiency: Shortage of iron in the body occurs mainly due to lack of iron (Fe) containing nutrients in the regular diet. Presence of permanent ulcers or cancerous cells within the body is a prime contributor behind Fe deficiency. Individuals suffering from Celiac disease have damaged intestinal walls (inner lining of the small intestine) which lead to acute “iron absorption” failure by the small intestine. This causes a deficiency of iron in the body. In women, monthly loss of blood due to menstruation causes iron deficiency at puberty. Shortage of iron in the body impedes hemoglobin formation by the bone marrow, which leads to a reduced percentage of Red Blood Cells (RBC) in blood.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is essential for the formation of Red Blood Cells. Deficiency of either Vitamin B12 or Folate compounds in regular diet can equally contribute towards anaemic symptoms. 

What are the major warning signs ?

Anaemic symptoms are often overlooked due to lack of knowledge or attention. The following symptoms are critical indicators of the disease at different stages-

  • The skin turns pale or a sick yellow
  • Frequent muscle cramps
  • Breathlessness after slight physical activities
  • Extreme exhaustion
  • Profuse sweating and increased thirst
  • Frequent headaches
  • Lethargy throughout the day
  • Irregular heart rate (palpitation)
  • Frequent mood swings and irritability
  • Nausea

What are the different categories?

Anaemia womanAlthough iron-deficiency induced anaemia is the most common form, there are three other types of anaemia people need to be aware of. All categories have been elaborated below:

Iron deficiency Anaemia: During certain clinical conditions the body needs more iron than usual to synthesize hemoglobin that supports the RBC. On various occasions, low intake of iron in daily food items, excessive drainage of iron from the body due to menstruation or pregnancy causes an increased demand for iron in the body. When this demand is not met, acute iron deficiency occurs resulting in anemic conditions.

Vulnerable groups

    • Women in their adolescence or during pregnancy period
    • Children lacking proper diet
    • People affected with Crohn’s symptoms, Celiac disease or renal failure
  • Patients having internal injury and hemorrhage

Pernicious Anemia: This disease occurs due to the deficiency of either Vitamin B12 or Folic acid derivatives in the body. This condition arises when the body lacks a particular protein called Intrinsic Factor (IF) which helps to extract Vitamin B12 from the nutrients in the daily diet. 

Vulnerable group: People lacking meat, egg and dairy products in their regular diet

Aplastic Anaemia: This is a relatively critical form of anemia which encompasses three distinct conditions –

    • A drastic drop in the count of RBC (anaemia)
    • Reduced platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
    • Drop in White Blood Cells count(Leukopenia)
  • These three conditions are collectively called pancytopenia.

Vulnerable group: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy

Haemolytic Anemia: This is the rarest form of the disease where normal RBCs die much before their usual lifespan (120 days), but the body cannot instantly cover up for those RBCs by forming new RBCs. Hemolytic Anemia is further subdivided into two types: Acquired Hemolytic Anaemia and Inherited Hemolytic Anaemia.

Vulnerable Groups: Any person can develop this disease depending on their environment and genetic pattern.

What are the long-term systemic effects?

Long-term effects of Anemia, especially the one caused by iron deficiency is perceived at a much later stage and are usually irreversible in nature. Following are the long-term and permanent effects experienced by chronic anemic patients:

  • Cognitive disorders in the form of disturbed behavioral and physical growth patterns are observed in growing children
  • A permanently damaged immune system is evident in all age groups exposed to anaemia for a considerable period of time
  • Deterioration in muscle activities takes place which eventually leads to decreased productivity
  • Prenatal risks are increased manifold
  • Infant mortality rates might be escalated

Is there any hereditary factor?

Flemming et al of the Harvard Medical School research team has discovered a particular mutated gene called TMPRSS6 that triggers iron deficiency causing different degrees of anemia. Again, deficiency of TMPRSS6 protein spurs the formation of excess hepcidin hormone that prevents effective iron absorption by the intestine. Hence it is clear that gene has a distinct role in this case.

Treatment and prevention

Anaemia foodTreatment options for anemia include:

  • Iron tablets and supplements which can be taken at empty stomach (if they don’t cause any digestive disorders). These are generally taken over a period of several months.
  • Improve dietary habits and include iron and folate-rich foods in your diet such as spinach, kale, broccoli, dry fruits and nuts, and liver.
  • Consume citrus fruits and juices that contain vitamin C, along with iron supplements to aid better iron absorption.

Preventing anemia involves:

  • Consuming an iron and folate-rich diet especially for pregnant women.
  • Breastfeeding women should also keep their hemoglobin level on a check. Infants should be breastfed properly and/or given iron-fortified milk formula.
  • Menstruating women and frequent blood donors should also monitor their hemoglobin level and keep consuming iron-rich foods.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Consume a diet rich in iron and vitamin B12. These are abundantly available in spinach, liver, legumes, shellfish, and quinoa.
  • Get an adequate amount of vitamin C from your diet as well. Vitamin C aids in iron absorption.
  • Maintain proper hygiene and sanitation to protect yourself from infections as anemia directly reduces one’s immunity.
Don'ts
  • Consume tea, coffee, or aerated cola drinks with meals as these tend to decrease iron absorption in the body.
  • Eat calcium-rich foods/ calcium supplements along with iron supplements as these tend to reduce iron absorption.
  • Worry if your stools appear slightly darker when taking iron supplements. But do consult doctor if constipation occurs and persists.

 

 

 

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DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
BRAT Diet: What is the right way to follow this diarrhea-relieving diet? BRAT diet, a simple diet consisting of just bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, can help you combat the…
lipoprotein A
Lipoprotein (A) Test Lipoprotein (A) test is used to measure and monitor the levels of LDL(Low-Density Lipoprotein) in the bloodstream in…
Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
Vitamin K2: 8 reasons why you need this bone-building & cancer-fighting nutrient Vitamin K2 is claimed to be essential for your bone health, for reducing the risk of cancer, and…
Jack in the box fast food
Jack In the Box : The perils of surging fast food culture in the USA Jack in the Box - How a culture of fast-food can clog your arteries, weaken your heart, fatten…
anti ds dna test
Anti Ds-DNA antibody Test The  Anti Ds-DNA antibody test is used to diagnose the disease called lupus or more aptly the SLE(Systematic…
Ca 19.9 test
CA19.9 Test CA 19.9 is a cancer antigen that exists on the surface of cancer-causing cells. The levels of CA…
Vagus nerve: 7 health benefits of stimulating the “gut-brain” connection As a matter of fact, there are two vagus nerves namely the left and the right but is…
Chest X-Ray A chest x-ray is a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to visualize the structures inside your chest. It…
CLA: A breakthrough weight loss supplement with minimal side effects Tried every weight loss supplement in the market with no substantial gain? Why not try CLA supplements, derived…
HSV-1_IGG
Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody & stays in the blood…
What is Qigong and how can it help you channelize you inner “Qi”? Qigong is an integrated way of performing a traditional exercise regimen that can help in promoting health, mental…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A tTg test is…
6 arguments in favour of glucosamine and where can you find it Studies have shown that glucosamine works by preventing the breakdown of cartilage of the joints. This is usually…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
Cordyceps: How the Caterpillar fungus works as a proven cancer-shield Strange as it may sound, but cordyceps or "caterpillar fungus", a fungus variety native to the Himalayas may…
Bronchoscopy procedure
Bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy is a procedure where in a scope is inserted into the lung pathway to observe any growth…
Hydroquinone: Is it the best topical treatment for hyperpigmentation? Darkening of the skin due to high melanin levels is called hyperpigmentation.  Hydroquinone interferes with melanin production thus treating…
SIBO Diet: The important dos and don’ts of this gut-healing diet A SIBO diet is a diet that works by eliminating certain sugars from your diet and adding fibers…
Milk Thistle skin
Milk Thistle: Find possible cures for fatal diseases in these purple blooms Milk thistle is well-known for treating liver conditions. However, did you know that it comes with a plethora…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
Hibiscus: Nourish your beauty and health with these vibrant blooms Hibiscus is a trumpet shaped flower found abundantly in tropical countries. It has been historically used for its…
Erythritol: A healthy sugar substitute or yet another marketing ploy? Erythritol is a popular choice of a healthy alternative sweetening agent in foods. But how healthy can a…
Trisodium Phosphate: How a paint thinner made its way into your breakfast Ever thought how toxic chemicals find their way into our foods? How can they harm our body? And…
folate test
Folate test The Folate test measures and monitors the levels of folic acid in the blood. This test is also…
Alp enzyme-test
ALP test – Alkaline Phosphate ALP or alkaline phosphate is an enzyme mainly produced by the liver and gallbladder. ALP test measures the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium chloride
Halotherapy: How inhaling salt can work wonders for your body Halotherapy is quickly gaining popularity amongst those with respiratory diseases. It has shown promise in its treatment.
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…

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