Anemia

Anaemia woman

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of Anemia 

The prevalence of anemia is the highest in India. At present nearly 50% of India’s population suffers from some form of anemia. A recent survey by the National Institute of Health has revealed that nearly 74% of the pregnant women in India suffer from the disease.

On a regular basis, we come across people who are apparently strong and healthy but are medically not fit. These people suffer from multiple deficiencies like pale skin, breathlessness, muscle cramps, fatigue, frequent palpitation, and sluggishness. These are inevitable symptoms of a hemoglobin deficiency disease namely “anemia”. Due to less severity of the disease at a primary stage, people usually neglect diagnosis and treatment. But when the disease persists for a prolonged period of time, the damages caused to the body are irreparable. According to the records of Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 48 % of infants, 25 % of school children and 42% of pregnant women are victims of this disease worldwide.

What is anemia?

Anemia is the pathological condition in which the red blood cell (RBC) count drops in blood. This, in turn, leads to hemoglobin deficiency and subsequent lack of oxygen supply to blood.

What causes anemia?

Anaemia nailsThere are numerous etiological factors behind anemia. Listed below are few clinical conditions that predispose the body to the disease –

  • Iron deficiency: Shortage of iron in the body occurs mainly due to lack of iron (Fe) containing nutrients in the regular diet. Presence of permanent ulcers or cancerous cells within the body is a prime contributor behind Fe deficiency. Individuals suffering from Celiac disease have damaged intestinal walls (inner lining of the small intestine) which lead to acute “iron absorption” failure by the small intestine. This causes a deficiency of iron in the body. In women, monthly loss of blood due to menstruation causes iron deficiency at puberty. Shortage of iron in the body impedes hemoglobin formation by the bone marrow, which leads to a reduced percentage of Red Blood Cells (RBC) in blood.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is essential for the formation of Red Blood Cells. Deficiency of either Vitamin B12 or Folate compounds in regular diet can equally contribute towards anaemic symptoms. 

What are the major warning signs ?

Anaemic symptoms are often overlooked due to lack of knowledge or attention. The following symptoms are critical indicators of the disease at different stages-

  • The skin turns pale or a sick yellow
  • Frequent muscle cramps
  • Breathlessness after slight physical activities
  • Extreme exhaustion
  • Profuse sweating and increased thirst
  • Frequent headaches
  • Lethargy throughout the day
  • Irregular heart rate (palpitation)
  • Frequent mood swings and irritability
  • Nausea

What are the different categories?

Anaemia womanAlthough iron-deficiency induced anaemia is the most common form, there are three other types of anaemia people need to be aware of. All categories have been elaborated below:

Iron deficiency Anaemia: During certain clinical conditions the body needs more iron than usual to synthesize hemoglobin that supports the RBC. On various occasions, low intake of iron in daily food items, excessive drainage of iron from the body due to menstruation or pregnancy causes an increased demand for iron in the body. When this demand is not met, acute iron deficiency occurs resulting in anemic conditions.

Vulnerable groups

    • Women in their adolescence or during pregnancy period
    • Children lacking proper diet
    • People affected with Crohn’s symptoms, Celiac disease or renal failure
  • Patients having internal injury and hemorrhage

Pernicious Anemia: This disease occurs due to the deficiency of either Vitamin B12 or Folic acid derivatives in the body. This condition arises when the body lacks a particular protein called Intrinsic Factor (IF) which helps to extract Vitamin B12 from the nutrients in the daily diet. 

Vulnerable group: People lacking meat, egg and dairy products in their regular diet

Aplastic Anaemia: This is a relatively critical form of anemia which encompasses three distinct conditions –

    • A drastic drop in the count of RBC (anaemia)
    • Reduced platelet count (thrombocytopenia)
    • Drop in White Blood Cells count(Leukopenia)
  • These three conditions are collectively called pancytopenia.

Vulnerable group: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy

Haemolytic Anemia: This is the rarest form of the disease where normal RBCs die much before their usual lifespan (120 days), but the body cannot instantly cover up for those RBCs by forming new RBCs. Hemolytic Anemia is further subdivided into two types: Acquired Hemolytic Anaemia and Inherited Hemolytic Anaemia.

Vulnerable Groups: Any person can develop this disease depending on their environment and genetic pattern.

What are the long-term systemic effects?

Long-term effects of Anemia, especially the one caused by iron deficiency is perceived at a much later stage and are usually irreversible in nature. Following are the long-term and permanent effects experienced by chronic anemic patients:

  • Cognitive disorders in the form of disturbed behavioral and physical growth patterns are observed in growing children
  • A permanently damaged immune system is evident in all age groups exposed to anaemia for a considerable period of time
  • Deterioration in muscle activities takes place which eventually leads to decreased productivity
  • Prenatal risks are increased manifold
  • Infant mortality rates might be escalated

Is there any hereditary factor?

Flemming et al of the Harvard Medical School research team has discovered a particular mutated gene called TMPRSS6 that triggers iron deficiency causing different degrees of anemia. Again, deficiency of TMPRSS6 protein spurs the formation of excess hepcidin hormone that prevents effective iron absorption by the intestine. Hence it is clear that gene has a distinct role in this case.

Treatment and prevention

Anaemia foodTreatment options for anemia include:

  • Iron tablets and supplements which can be taken at empty stomach (if they don’t cause any digestive disorders). These are generally taken over a period of several months.
  • Improve dietary habits and include iron and folate-rich foods in your diet such as spinach, kale, broccoli, dry fruits and nuts, and liver.
  • Consume citrus fruits and juices that contain vitamin C, along with iron supplements to aid better iron absorption.

Preventing anemia involves:

  • Consuming an iron and folate-rich diet especially for pregnant women.
  • Breastfeeding women should also keep their hemoglobin level on a check. Infants should be breastfed properly and/or given iron-fortified milk formula.
  • Menstruating women and frequent blood donors should also monitor their hemoglobin level and keep consuming iron-rich foods.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Consume a diet rich in iron and vitamin B12. These are abundantly available in spinach, liver, legumes, shellfish, and quinoa.
  • Get an adequate amount of vitamin C from your diet as well. Vitamin C aids in iron absorption.
  • Maintain proper hygiene and sanitation to protect yourself from infections as anemia directly reduces one’s immunity.
Don'ts
  • Consume tea, coffee, or aerated cola drinks with meals as these tend to decrease iron absorption in the body.
  • Eat calcium-rich foods/ calcium supplements along with iron supplements as these tend to reduce iron absorption.
  • Worry if your stools appear slightly darker when taking iron supplements. But do consult doctor if constipation occurs and persists.

 

 

 

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Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
blood elements analysis
Blood Element Analysis Test A blood element analysis is a blood test performed to measure the level of toxic elements such as…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
Dragon Fruit – Blessing from Nature’s Basket Dragon fruit is packed with nutrients but low on calories. It is the dream food that can help…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
ashwagandha brain
Ashwagandha: The best-kept secret of Ayurveda now revealed! Ashwagandha literally means "smell of horse". Don't get bogged down by that one tiny detail because this ayurveduic…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
hemoglobin variant analysis
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis Hemoglobin variant analysis is a blood test that is used to detect the presence of hemoglobin variants which…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
lose weight fast
12 easy and instant steps to successful weight loss Do you want to lose weight without losing your mind? Does weight loss always mean saying goodbye to…

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