Lead Poisoning

Lead poisoning hazard

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

What Is Lead?

Lead is a naturally occurring metal. It is present in a variety of products that we use every day. This includes masala spice mixes, cosmetic products, paints, plastics and vehicle fumes. Hence, lead abounds in the atmosphere as well as soil and even in everyday foods. Therefore, it can enter the body through ingestion and inhalation. Unlike other metal ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, which are vital to the health of the body, the human body has no use for lead. However, when this substance does find its way into the body, it may end up being used in the construction of bone tissue and even muscles.

 

What Is Lead Poisoning?

Lead poisoning hazardA certain amount of lead can be tolerated without harmful or adverse effects on one’s health. However, in larger doses, lead is highly toxic or poisonous to the body and it can produce a variety of severe problems. There are two ways in which lead poisoning can happen. The person may be exposed to a large dose of lead over a short period of time. Alternatively, he or she suffers repeated exposure in smaller quantities over a prolonged timeframe.

The former can occur when someone inhales lead dust or swallows an object made up of lead or containing large quantities of it. Lead in the body can accumulate over the long-term through repeated low-risk exposure. For instance, long-term exposure to fumes from vehicles using leaded petrol or drinking water that is delivered through lead pipes. Another possible pathway is occupational exposure through mining and industrial manufacture of products such as paints.

This toxin is capable of disrupting nearly every system in the body. However, the nervous system is the most sensitive to lead toxicity. Patients may present with severe neurological problems such as convulsions and coma. In fact, in serious cases, lead can be fatal.

 

What Are The Some Risk Factors For Lead Poisoning?

Since lead is present in the household, environmental and industrial settings, it is quite difficult to escape exposure. However, it should be borne in mind that young children are more vulnerable than other age groups to the toxic effects of this substance. This is due largely to their tendency to explore objects with their mouths. The risk is higher in homes where the paint is peeling away from the walls or where old leaden pipes continue to be used.

Here is a more comprehensive list of potential risk factors:

  • Young children are, particularly at risk.
  • Fuel exhaust in countries where leaded petrol continues to be used.
  • Occupational exposure in industries such as mining.
  • Plastic products.
  • Lead acid batteries.
  • Paints.
  • Cosmetic products.
  • Canned foods.
  • Indigenous or herbal medicinal preparations that are not subject to stringent regulations or quality control.
  • Water contaminated as it passes through lead pipes.
  • Deficiency of iron, calcium and vitamin C promotes absorption of lead in the body.

 

What Are The External Signs Of Lead Poisoning?

lead poisoning water pipesGenerally, if the level of lead in the blood reaches 10mcg/dL, it is considered serious cause for concern. The patient will most probably suffer irreversible damage. There is no clear consensus on a safe lower limit since symptoms of lead poisoning have also been observed in individuals with about 5mcg/dL of lead in their blood.

Lead poisoning does not usually produce clearly identifiable symptoms. As the toxic heavy metal accumulates gradually in the body with repeated low-risk exposure, symptoms may take many months or even years to show up. In children, the effects of lead toxicity generally become apparent only in the long term in the form of developmental defects, growth deficits, and cognitive impairment. Lead also affects the kidneys and impairs the ability of the body to produce hemoglobin.

A few or more of the following symptoms may be present:

  • Abdominal pain or cramps.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Constipation.
  • Fatigue.
  • Headaches.
  • Irritability.
  • Sensory deficits such as hearing loss.
  • Weight loss.

In cases involving acute exposure, patients may display the following signs:

  • Vomiting.
  • Loss of balance and coordination.
  • Mental confusion.
  • Seizures.

 

What Are The Complications?

As we have seen, lead is a potent neurotoxin. It can give rise to a variety of disturbing neurological and physical symptoms such as:

  • Ataxia.
  • Anemia.
  • Hearing impairment.
  • Speech deficits.
  • Reduced IQ in children.
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Delayed or impaired growth in children.
  • Kidney problems.
  • Difficulty conceiving.
  • Convulsions and coma.

 

How Is Lead Poisoning Diagnosed?

In the earlier stages of chronic exposure, there may be no noticeable symptoms. Hence, the condition can easily go undetected until it reaches a severe or critical level. Patients with acute exposure (i.e., those who have ingested or inhaled high doses of lead) should be hospitalized immediately. If a doctor suspects metal poisoning as the cause of the symptoms, the most reliable way to detect unsafe levels of lead in the body is through blood tests. Depending on the nature of the symptoms, doctors may also recommend specific procedures such as bone marrow biopsies in order to assess lead content.

 

What Is The Best Way To Treat It?

Lead poisoning waterIn some countries, regulations dictate that young children regularly undergo screening for exposure to lead. This will ensure that toxic exposure is identified well before it escalates and gives rise to serious and long-term problems in children.

Those who have already developed symptoms can certainly be treated. What this will achieve is to prevent further damage. However, the damage that the body has already sustained cannot be reversed. The patient will most likely be treated through a method known as chelation therapy. This involves introducing chelating agents into the body; specifically, into the bloodstream. These are agents that actively seek out lead ions and bind to them, preventing them from being absorbed by the body. Both are then ejected by the kidneys through urine. This treatment is considered highly effective for lead poisoning although its use in other settings is considered controversial.

In adults, it is possible to achieve full recovery following mild poisoning. However, in children, there is a danger of long-term deficits. Hence, it is important to find out the source of exposure and to actively avoid it as far as possible.

 

Safety and prevention

Lead is highly ubiquitous in the environment, even within our own homes. The good news is that it is possible to cut down on toxic exposure to lead. However, this calls for dedicated and large-scale collaborative efforts on the part of governments and industries to ensure that lead is removed from consumer products, fuels, foods and the atmosphere. Miners and factory workers should be provided with adequate protection to ensure that their health is not compromised in any way due to occupational exposure.

Such initiatives will need to be supported by awareness on the individual and community level to ensure that children and adults alike are aware of the risks. It is necessary for citizens to come together to put sufficient pressure on policymakers. This will ensure that legislation and regulations are put in place to force manufacturers to cut down on lead content in their products.

 

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • If you live in an area where chances of lead poisoning are high (mining or industrial areas), make sure that your house is cleaned and mopped daily.
  • In such scenarios, keep a check on where your child goes to play and/or spends substantial time.
  • Wash hands every time you come home and before eating anything.
  • Increase the intake of calcium, iron, and vitamin C for an individual diagnosed with lead poisoning.
  • Old building and houses (1960s-70s) should be repainted with lead-free paint.
Don'ts
  • Burn painted boards, magazines, newspapers etc inside or near residential areas.
  • Go barefoot on soil near highways and heavy traffic areas, as it is highly contaminated with lead.

 

 

 

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Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
leptospira Igm test
Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
Hymenoplasty
Hymenoplasty Read on to find out all about hymenoplasty, the procedure, post-surgery care, the risks, and the benefits.
Dragon Fruit – Blessing from Nature’s Basket Dragon fruit is packed with nutrients but low on calories. It is the dream food that can help…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Urologist: When should you visit one and why? A urologist can treat not only genitourinary problems of both men and women but also can treat various…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Quinine: How gin and tonic came to be known as a potent health elixir The discovery of quinine-containing tree bark is sometimes considered the most serendipitous medical discovery of the 17th century.
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
How to correctly perform nasal irrigation using a Neti Pot? Neti pot has been a part of Ayurveda since centuries. This ancient tool is extremely effective in treating…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
Appendix pain: Recent findings on this not-so vestigial organ The exact function of the appendix is still not clear. Some consider it as an organ that once…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
LFT-test
Liver Function Test – LFT LFT or Liver Function Test is a blood test used to determine the levels of hepatic enzymes which…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
Strep throat pain
Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
Period sanitary napkin-menstruaion-blood-colors
Period blood – what it says about your health Your period blood color and consistency indicate what is happening in your body. Is your blood bright red…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
Agave nectar: The bitter truth about this sweetener revealed Agave nectar is considered to be sweeter than the normal table sugar and even contains higher amounts of…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
hemoglobin variant analysis
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis Hemoglobin variant analysis is a blood test that is used to detect the presence of hemoglobin variants which…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula

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