Cholesterol Management

Cholesterol in blood

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of cholesterol management

Cholesterol is an important element of the body. It regulates several physiological mechanisms and helps maintain a healthy lifestyle. Any abnormalities in the level of blood cholesterol may give rise to multiple complications. This may predispose a person to several diseases. Hence cholesterol management has become an integral part of global health maintenance programs. In the mid 1980s, the National cholesterol Education Program and American Heart Association collaborated and initiated a national campaign to spread the mass awareness related to health risks of cholesterol and effective cholesterol management. A high cholesterol level in different countries has impacted the morbidity and mortality rates.

What is cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a whitish, waxy and fatty material that generates from the liver. Saturated fats present in diet can also generate cholesterol. It is carried by the circulating blood. It performs a few essential functions like-

  • Generation and maintenance of cell membrane
  • Produce bile (essential for absorption and digestion of consumed fat)
  • Prepare Vitamin D and regulate hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone

Cholesterol is naturally generated within the human body. It has a threshold level. A rise in this level of blood cholesterol  is known as “hypercholesterolemia”. It gives rise to serious complications within the body. For an effective cholesterol management, one should avoid a diet rich in trans fats and triglycerides.

What are the causes of high cholesterol?

A high cholesterol level in the body is a primary risk factor for several physiological complications. These conditions are common in men above 45 and women above 55 years of age. The common triggers are as follows-

  • Unhealthy diet: Diet rich in saturated and trans fat cause an increase in cholesterol in blood. Poultry, eggs, dairy products and red meat are few examples of fatty diet. High intake of sodium in diet also contributes to the disease.
  • Obesity: Increase in weight can increase the level of Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides in the body.
  • Physical activities: Complete lack of physical activities and work-outs is affects health. It inhibits the absorption of fats and triglycerides.
  • Age: Different physiological changes occur with age. A few common changes are, weak heart muscles, kidney dysfunctions and the degeneration of the liver cells. This predisposes an individual to several diseases.
  • Gender: Men are more susceptible to the disease than women. High blood cholesterol symptoms manifest themselves within men after the age of 40. Women experience similar symtpoms after the age of 55.
  • Genes: High cholesterol conditions are hereditary. People who have a family history of the disease are more likely to develop it in future.
  • Existing diseases: Chronic diseases like Hypothyroidism, renal dysfunctions, cardiovascular disorders and liver diseases can be responsible.
  • Medications: Certain drugs like corticosteroids, diuretics, caffeine and narcotics can trigger high cholesterol (LDL) conditions.
  • Addictive habits: Smoking and alcoholism can impede normal liver functions and cause high cholesterol.

What are the different types of cholesterol?

High cholesterol condition mainly arises due to abnormal levels of mainly three types of lipids (fats) and lipoproteins in the body. These are as follows-

  • Low-density Lipoproteins (LDL): This type of cholesterol is called “bad cholesterol”. It can combine with other fatty substances which are then carried by blood to the different body tissues. These substances slowly deposit on the walls of arteries (plaque formation) and cause obstruction of arterial passages which leads to coronary heart diseases in future. LDL cholesterol concentration should be kept as low as possible (below 130 mg/dL)
  • High-density Lipoproteins (HDL): This is called “good cholesterol”. It usually carries excess cholesterol from the arterial tissues to the liver where they are excreted. Thus risks of heart blockage due to fat deposition are reduced. Higher HDL levels are desirable within the body (above 45 mg/dL). Regular exercise can help achieve this.
  • Triglycerides: These belong to the third category of fats and are present in the body of high blood pressure or alcoholic patients. They should be kept below 150 mg/dL).

Clinical complications of high cholesterol

This disease does not have noticeable symptoms. Hence after a certain age (normally 40), people should go for regular check-ups. Progress of the disease can give rise to some serious clinical complications. These are as follows–

  • Coronary heart disease: The deposition of excess cholesterol on the inner walls of the coronary artery of the heart can cause this disease.
  • Atherosclerosis: In this condition, the heart muscles become thick due to plaque formation.
  • Carotid artery disease: It occurs due to the formation of plaque inside carotid artery (supplies blood to brain). It may lead to brain stroke in future.
  • Peripheral artery disease: It occurs due to arterial blockage in the limbs.
  • Renal failure: Excess cholesterol cannot be excreted and exerts pressure on the walls of kidneys causing renal failure in future.
  • Muscular failure: Excess cholesterol might affect the skeletal muscles as well causing muscular dystrophy (muscle stiffening) in advanced stages.

Is there any genetic connection?

According to the reports of British Heart Foundation, 1 in 500 people in UK suffer from Familial Hypercholesterolemia.

It is common in people who have a family history of the disease.

Extensive research proves that the mutations of specific genes like APOB or PCSK9 (determine the amount of cholesterol produced in the body) can cause cholesterol in future generations.

Diagnosis of high cholesterol

Doctors recommend lipid profile tests to determine the levels of –

Treatment and Prevention

Cholesterol-related health complications are mostly tied closely to lifestyle and diet choices.It is thus important to maintain special care in having a healthy diet, rich in fresh fruits and vegetables that is rich in fibre, essential nutrients, healthy fats etc. Having a physically active routine,  that includes atleast 20-30 minutes of exercise 4-5 days a week.

One should stay away from toxic habits such as drinking and smoking. Nicotine, alcohol, trans-fats, and sugar are the biggest culprits for bad cholesterol management that inevitably lead to heart issues.

WHO reports show that one-third of the ischemic heart diseases worldwide occur due to high levels of cholesterol. Nearly 2.6 million fatalities have been reported globally due to high cholesterol levels. The steadily increasing morbidity rates have made National Stroke Association spread the mass awareness related to heart diseases (especially in low and middle-income countries ) that might arise due to increased cholesterol levels in the body.

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Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Remove all trans-fats from the diet. If any packaged or processed food label reads, partially hydrogenated oil, understand that it contains trans-fats.
  • Eat more of whole grains and fiber-rich foods to control weight gain.
  • Soy products are effective in removing LDL from the body. They can be used to replace conventional dairy and meat products from the diet.
Don'ts
  • Consume red meat. Substitute it with fish since fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids which are the good kind of cholesterol.
  • Lead a highly sedentary lifestyle. Have a fixed routine for performing physical exercises.
  • Binge-eat processed snacks and junk foods. These are high in trans-fats and refined sugar.

 

 

 

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vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
woman with abdominal pain holding ovulation calendar
Ovulation – facts to know about ovulation Learn how and when ovulation occurs, demystify common misconceptions, identify symptoms, methods of detection and right period for…
Jack in the box fast food
Jack In the Box : The perils of surging fast food culture in the USA Jack in the Box - How a culture of fast-food can clog your arteries, weaken your heart, fatten…
Astaxanthin: Why experts believe it could be 550x more potent than vitamin E! What is astaxanthin and why is this new supplement on the block touted as the most powerful antioxidant…
Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
Gua sha: Scraping away layers of pain with this ancient healing tool Gua sha is an ancient oriental healing method which focuses on scraping the body with specific tools to…
Vagus nerve: 7 health benefits of stimulating the “gut-brain” connection As a matter of fact, there are two vagus nerves namely the left and the right but is…
Oxalates: How healthy greens can sometimes be bad news for your kidneys Oxalates are compounds present in a majority of healthy foods. However, at times an overconsumption of these could…
Urologist: When should you visit one and why? A urologist can treat not only genitourinary problems of both men and women but also can treat various…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Balneotherapy jacuzzi
5 things you didn’t know about balneotherapy and how you can do it at home Sauna baths have been popular since a long time. But how much more beneficial can balneotherapy be as…
Bloodtestalbumin
Albumin Test Albumin test or blood serum test is a liver function test that measures the amount of the protein…
C-Reactive Protein Test A CRP or c-reactive protein blood test is an important diagnostic tool used to determine the risk of…
valproic acid test
Valproic Acid Test Valproic acid test is performed to generally check for psychiatric and even neurological conditions such as bipolar disease…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
CLA: A breakthrough weight loss supplement with minimal side effects Tried every weight loss supplement in the market with no substantial gain? Why not try CLA supplements, derived…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Carb Cycling: Weighing the pros vs the cons of this diet routine Completely discarding carbs from your life will do you more harm than good. Read more about carb cycling,…
Appendix pain: Recent findings on this not-so vestigial organ The exact function of the appendix is still not clear. Some consider it as an organ that once…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
CEA_test
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test CEA or carcinoembryonic test detects the presence of CEA antigen in your blood mainly & determines the effectiveness…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
leptospira Igm test
Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
alcohol toxic
7 startling facts that will make you quit alcohol today Does drinking really make you friendly and happy? How many calories does a can of cold beer add…
dance health benefits
5 unbelievable effects of dance on your overall health! You enjoy dancing, but did you know what else it does to your body? Dancing is not only…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
Drinking water benefits
8 reasons why you should grab a bottle of water now! Did you know you don't have to be thirsty for hours to be dehydrated?You could be dehydrated right…
ginger benefits healthy
Ginger: Why is it called the root of all remedies? Be it in form of tea or juice, ginger has a lot to offer when it comes to…
Is it possible to achieve full body detox with Master Cleanse? Master cleanse is a diet consisting of a lemonade based beverage, a salt water drink and a herbal…
CERULOPLASMIN- triple marker
Triple Marker Test A triple marker test is an important prenatal test that is performed to detect the presence of chromosomal…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
shoudler exercises
Keep your shoulders pain-free with these shoulder exercises Shoulder exercises are important in order to prevent chronic back and neck pain. Learn more about how you…
kshar sutra
Kshar sutra treatment for piles, fissures and fistula Read to know the benefits and side effects of kshar sutra to treat anal piles, fissures, and fistula…
lose weight fast
12 easy and instant steps to successful weight loss Do you want to lose weight without losing your mind? Does weight loss always mean saying goodbye to…
yoga health benefits
How to practice yoga for astounding health benefits Can a 5000-year-old system be the ultimate body healer? Did you know yoga can make you smarter and…

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