Emphysema

healthy vs emphysema lungs

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Emphysema – understanding the respiratory disease

Emphysema is a type of COPD or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. As the name suggests, it is caused by obstructions in the respiratory tract which mainly causes difficulty in breathing. By nature, this is a long-term condition where the symptoms worsen over time. As the disease progresses, the irreversible damage to the lungs could lead to severe disability and even death in many patients.

healthy vs emphysema lungsEmphysema affects the lungs and massively changes its anatomy. Lungs are responsible for the vital exchange of gases between the human body and external surrounding. The lung tissues are made up of bronchioles which are tiny air pathways. Due to over-inflation of the air sacs or alveoli, these tissues get irreversibly damaged. Owing to this damage, the bronchioles are unable to release air out of the lungs, severely limiting the individual’s capacity to breathe.

Under normal conditions, human lungs resemble a sponge, both in appearance and function.

The primary function of lungs is to absorb oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

This function is made possible by the coordinated working of millions of airways stretching and relaxing to make way for thegaseous exchange.

 

Upon the onset of emphysema, the “spongy-ness” of the lungs is significantly reduced which leads to air being trapped in it.In addition to the bronchiole damage, emphysema also leads to poor blood flow to the lungs which further hinders normal breathing.This condition usually occurs in tandem with chronic bronchitis (inflammation of bronchioles). Hence the umbrella term COPD is used to refer to these ailments. COPD is one of the leading causes of deaths in the USA.

 

Emphysema – causes and risk factors

The two causes which primarily lead to the onset of emphysema are Smoking and AAT deficiency.

Emphysema smokingCigarette smoking is one of the most significant factors linked to the occurrence of emphysema.

Tobacco and nicotine intake through smoking render severe lung damage in two distinct ways.

Firstly, smoking largely reduces the lung’s ability to clear mucous-related secretions through cilia.

This inevitably leads to large mucous deposition in the lungs which restricts airflow.

Secondly, due to smoking, the immunity of lungs is primarily compromised and hence they are not able to get rid of infections. These infections give rise to inflammation of the lung tissues which further add to the severity of the condition.The deficiency of the protein AAT (Alpha-1 Antitrypsin) causes depletion of WBCs (white blood cells). In the absence of AAT, the lung is unable to fight against infections caused by the enzyme trypsin. The after-effects are akin to that of smoking as the lungs progressively degenerate rendering normal breathing impossible. This is a genetic predisposition.

Other factors which may cause emphysema may include exposure to polluted air, passive smoking, and hazardous working conditions which may expose an individual to noxious fumes and chemicals.The risk factors for emphysema are smoking, old age, working in mining/cotton/wood factories and frequent exposure to automotive exhaust.

 

What are the major symptoms of emphysema?

  • The onset of emphysema is indicated by shortness of breath which worsens over time.
  • Usual physical activities such as walking or jogging will cause more than usual difficulty in breathing.
  • As the condition progresses, even during times of rest the person will experience troubled breathing.
  • Gradually the person starts developing frequent coughs and wheezing accompanied by a large production of mucous.
  • The person will also suffer from chronic bronchitis and/or asthma.
  • Those who have AAT deficiency caused emphysema will observe these symptoms to develop at earlier ages as compared to chain smokers.
  • Emphysema patients gradually develop the habit of “pursed-lip breathing” (breathing through the mouth) and even “barrel chest” condition (decrease in the distance between chest and back).

 

How is emphysema detected?

Emphysema causesThe first diagnostic method in detecting emphysema will include the physician to check for the extent of breathing and wheezing and also for the barrel-chest symptom.

  • Imagining tests such as X-rays and CT-scans are useful in identifying the correct reason for lung obstruction. Since trouble in breathing could be caused by many other conditions, it is important to rule out the presence of a tumour or any other factor that might be restricting the air-flow. These also indicate the presence of over-inflated lungs and the extent of lung damage.
  • Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are non-invasive in nature and are useful in measuring the amount of airflow occurring within the lungs. These are accurate in determining the severity of emphysema.
  • Blood tests which check for RBC and WBC count also help doctors gauge the onset of emphysema. The arterial blood gas test sheds light on the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide present in the patient’s blood.

 

Treatment methods for emphysema

The treatment protocol adopted for treating emphysema depends upon the magnitude of symptoms surfacing on the patient. The level of damage caused within the lung tissues is strictly irreversible. Hence, the treatment focuses on slowing the progress of the disease and enabling the patient to  manage the symptoms:

  • Medications – The kind of medications which help manage emphysema are bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics. Bronchodilators such as albuterol and ipratropium are responsible for clearing the constricted airways. Antibiotics are helpful for those who have chronic shortness of breath. This is due to increased inflammation and infections in the lungs such as pneumonia or bronchitis. Steroids are mostly taken in the inhaled form such as aerosol sprays which provide immediate relief from breathlessness.
  • Pulmonary Therapies – In addition to the medications, a series of effective therapies such as pulmonary rehabilitation therapy, nutrition therapy, or supplemental oxygen have shown positive results. These aim to teach proper breathing exercises and diet plans which can help control the progression of the disease.
  • Surgery – The last resort for treating emphysema is surgery. The most widely used surgical procedures include lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplant. In lung volume reduction, the emphysema affected portion of the lung is carefully removed to facilitate normal lung functioning. Lung transplant is usually employed in the very rare case where the lung damage is beyond control and no other treatment method is yielding results.

 

Preventive measures

  • The biggest preventive measure against emphysema is quitting smoking. Smoking exacerbates lung conditions. Similarly, one must completely avoid passive smoking as well.
  • Staying away from toxic fumes such as automotive exhaust and paints helps prevent the onset. Protective face masks must be used at all times in such situations.
  • Doing exercises regularly will help increase the lung capacity.

 

Emphysema Home Remedies

The symptoms of emphysema can be controlled by having the following things in your regular diet:

  • Flaxseeds: Flaxseeds are rich sources of omega-3 fats. This kind of fat is beneficial for your body as it reduces bodily inflammation. Consume flaxseeds every day in order to manage the symptoms of emphysema, bronchitis, and other chronic lung infections.
  • Citrus fruits: Citrus fruits especially the ones which are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants protect lung tissues from further damage. Oranges, pears, grapefruits, and cantaloupes are proven to decrease the risk of mortality associated with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease).
  • Fatty fish: Salmon, mackerel, tuna, herring, and sardines – these fatty fish are abundant in omega-3 fats which, as mentioned above, have anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus is an effective treatment for emphysema when used in diluted form. Eucalyptus when inhaled with steam can help in opening up air pathways and facilitate easy breathing. This shouldn’t be inhaled in concentrated form as it can irritate your lungs.
  • Ginseng: Panax ginseng or P. Ginseng is studied as an effect treatment for emphysema and other related lung conditions. It improves lung function and is helpful in pulmonary rehabilitation.

 


TL;DR?

emphysema infographic

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • If you suffer from emphysema, make sure that you carry your inhaler with you all the time.
  • Engage more in breathing exercises.
  • Emphysema can lead to further infections, Hence, maintain a good level of hygiene.
Don'ts
  • Discontinue your daily exercise routine. Exercise helps build up lung capacity.
  • Overdo strenuous physical activities.
  • Indulge in smoking. Also, refrain from exposing yourself to passive smoking and hazardous fumes.

 

 

 

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9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
Shilajit: A miracle Himalayan herb for an active and happy life The Himalayas contain more wonders than you thought. Shilajit is a miracle herb that is widely used in…
How to correctly perform nasal irrigation using a Neti Pot? Neti pot has been a part of Ayurveda since centuries. This ancient tool is extremely effective in treating…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
GERD heartburn
Heartburn: What are the exact symptoms and the best home remedies? There are easy home remedies for heartburn, which not only acts as a first aid when you experience…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
CEA_test
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test CEA or carcinoembryonic test detects the presence of CEA antigen in your blood mainly & determines the effectiveness…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
Hymenoplasty
Hymenoplasty Read on to find out all about hymenoplasty, the procedure, post-surgery care, the risks, and the benefits.
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
ashwagandha brain
Ashwagandha: The best-kept secret of Ayurveda now revealed! Ashwagandha literally means "smell of horse". Don't get bogged down by that one tiny detail because this ayurveduic…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
Are you sure you are drinking enough water? Everyone says, drink 8 glasses of water per day. But how much truth is there in this rule…

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