Rectal Prolapse

Rectal proplapse_childbirth

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Background

The rectum is the final segment of the large intestine. It is a sort of passage that connects the large intestine with the anus which is the external orifice through which feces is evacuated from the body. The rectum is a muscular tube that stores feces before it is eliminated through the anus. The innermost layer of the rectum which is in direct contact with feces is known as its mucosa. The rectal mucosa secretes mucus, a fluid substance, which helps lubricate the passage of feces.

 

What Is Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse constipationThe word ‘prolapse’ is used to describe the condition where an organ slips out of its normal position. In the case of the rectum, it can actually turn itself inside out and slip part of the way out of the anus. This can happen to children as well as adults. Among adults, it is more likely to occur as a result of chronic constipation.

In the early stages, it is fairly easy to correct a rectal prolapse. But if this condition goes unattended and if its underlying causes are not rectified or treated, it can worsen and the patient may develop fecal incontinence and require surgery to cure the problem.

 

Why Do Some People Suffer From Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse is more common among young children and older adults. Women who have gone through childbirth are also at risk because this can weaken the muscles of the pelvic floor and leave them unable to properly support the pelvic organs and the rectum. Prolapse is also likely to occur when a person has been in the habit of straining while passing motions. Over time, this behavior tends to weaken the muscles of the rectum and the structures supporting it. The age-related weakening of the anal sphincter is also a contributing factor.

Rectal prolapse diagramHere are some well-known risk factors for rectal prolapse:

  • Chronic constipation.
  • Chronic diarrhea.
  • Straining during bowel movements.
  • Lack of fiber in the diet.
  • Cystic fibrosis.
  • Diabetes.
  • Intestinal Infections.
  • Weakening of the pelvic floor as a result of pregnancy and childbirth.
  • Difficult childbirth or prolonged labor.
  • Delivering a large baby.
  • Damage to the nerves as a result of spine injury or surgery.
  • Age-related weakening of the pelvic floor muscles.
  • Weakening of anal sphincter.
  • Prior surgery on the anus.
  • Malnutrition.

 

What Are The Different Degrees Of Prolapse?

A patient may have an internal prolapse, a partial rectal prolapse or a complete rectal prolapse. In the initial stages, a portion of the rectal wall may droop downwards towards the anus but it may not actually reach all the way till the opening of the anus. This is known as internal prolapse.

In the next stage, part of the rectal mucosa protrudes slightly out of the anus. This tends to occur after passing motions or when the patient strains during bowel movements. The patient may be able to feel this but it will not usually be externally visible or only slightly if at all. At this stage, the protruding section can be pushed back inside carefully. This is known as partial or mucosal prolapse.

In more severe cases, the rectum completely and visibly protrudes out of the anus as a fleshy mass. In such cases, the patient will most probably require surgery to cure the problem and prevent complications.

 

How Can One Recognise This Condition? What Are The Symptoms?

Rectal proplapse_childbirthIn case of an internal prolapse, the patient may not notice that there is a problem. However, if the rectum is partly protruding from the anus, the patient will be able to observe this. This tends to occur soon after passing motions. In case of a complete prolapse, the section of the rectum protruding through the anus will be unmistakable.

Here is a list of symptoms:

  • A sensation of a mass protruding from the anus.
  • A clearly noticeable and palpable reddish and fleshy mass extending out of the anus.
  • This may be accompanied by some amount of mucosal discharge from the anus.
  • Itching around the anal area.
  • Bleeding.
  • Initially, the rectum protrudes out only during bowel movements. As time passes, however, it starts happening more frequently and may even protrude when the patient is standing upright or walking.
  • Passing small quantities of stools.
  • Incomplete bowel movements.

 

Could There Be Any Complications?

Other problems may arise as a result of untreated rectal prolapse. Initially, it may be possible for the patient to push the prolapsed rectum back into position with the fingers. However, when the condition worsens, the rectum tends to easily slide out of position and out of the anus. As a result, the patient risks developing infections.

The exposed rectal tissue is also prone to injury and there may be some amount of bleeding. It is also possible for the patient to develop fecal incontinence as a result of complete rectal prolapse. This can be distressing, inconvenient and embarrassing to the patient. On account of this condition, the patient may feel embarrassed to go out of the house or engage in normal activities.

 

How Is Rectal Prolapse Diagnosed And Treated?

When a patient feels that part of the rectum is beginning to protrude through the anus, they should consult their doctor and not defer consultation until the situation gets worse and unmanageable. It is possible to mistake external hemorrhoids for rectal prolapse. So, the best course of action is to get a formal diagnosis.

The doctor will begin by carrying out a physical examination of the patient. If the rectum is visibly protruding from the anus, the problem is immediately apparent. In other cases, digital rectal examination and imaging tests such as a colonoscopy may be required for clarity. The patient’s medical history is relevant, too, in case they have a history of multiple pregnancies or a medical problem like cystic fibrosis.

The most important step is to ascertain the cause of the problem so that it can be treated effectively. Depending on other symptoms displayed by the patient, the doctor may order more tests such as blood investigations to identify infections or undiagnosed chronic conditions like diabetes.

 

Prevention

As the adage goes, prevention is better than cure. This is certainly true in the case of rectal prolapse. If you have any of the risk factors for this condition or feel that you may already have developed a mild prolapse, you can take steps to prevent it from occurring or worsening, as the case may be. If your problem is constipation, then make sure to consult a doctor on the best methods to alleviate it. This may involve dietary modifications and taking stool softeners to ease the passage of feces without the straining that can lead to rectal prolapse.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Exercising routine which includes Kegels (pelvic floor exercises) are good for alleviating the symptoms.
  • Choose low impact exercises such as cycling to decrease stress on the pelvic floor region.
  • Performing deep breathing exercises prior to emptying your bowel as it helps the pelvic floor to relax properly.
Don'ts
  • Strain yourself too much while passing stools.
  • Drink inadequate amount of water or consume low fiber diet.
  • Consume a diet rich in animal meats.
  • Withhold passing bowels.

 

 

 

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BRAT Diet: What is the right way to follow this diarrhea-relieving diet? BRAT diet, a simple diet consisting of just bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, can help you combat the…
lipoprotein A
Lipoprotein (A) Test Lipoprotein (A) test is used to measure and monitor the levels of LDL(Low-Density Lipoprotein) in the bloodstream in…
Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
Vitamin K2: 8 reasons why you need this bone-building & cancer-fighting nutrient Vitamin K2 is claimed to be essential for your bone health, for reducing the risk of cancer, and…
Jack in the box fast food
Jack In the Box : The perils of surging fast food culture in the USA Jack in the Box - How a culture of fast-food can clog your arteries, weaken your heart, fatten…
anti ds dna test
Anti Ds-DNA antibody Test The  Anti Ds-DNA antibody test is used to diagnose the disease called lupus or more aptly the SLE(Systematic…
Ca 19.9 test
CA19.9 Test CA 19.9 is a cancer antigen that exists on the surface of cancer-causing cells. The levels of CA…
Vagus nerve: 7 health benefits of stimulating the “gut-brain” connection As a matter of fact, there are two vagus nerves namely the left and the right but is…
Chest X-Ray A chest x-ray is a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to visualize the structures inside your chest. It…
CLA: A breakthrough weight loss supplement with minimal side effects Tried every weight loss supplement in the market with no substantial gain? Why not try CLA supplements, derived…
HSV-1_IGG
Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody & stays in the blood…
What is Qigong and how can it help you channelize you inner “Qi”? Qigong is an integrated way of performing a traditional exercise regimen that can help in promoting health, mental…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A tTg test is…
6 arguments in favour of glucosamine and where can you find it Studies have shown that glucosamine works by preventing the breakdown of cartilage of the joints. This is usually…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
Cordyceps: How the Caterpillar fungus works as a proven cancer-shield Strange as it may sound, but cordyceps or "caterpillar fungus", a fungus variety native to the Himalayas may…
Bronchoscopy procedure
Bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy is a procedure where in a scope is inserted into the lung pathway to observe any growth…
Hydroquinone: Is it the best topical treatment for hyperpigmentation? Darkening of the skin due to high melanin levels is called hyperpigmentation.  Hydroquinone interferes with melanin production thus treating…
SIBO Diet: The important dos and don’ts of this gut-healing diet A SIBO diet is a diet that works by eliminating certain sugars from your diet and adding fibers…
Milk Thistle skin
Milk Thistle: Find possible cures for fatal diseases in these purple blooms Milk thistle is well-known for treating liver conditions. However, did you know that it comes with a plethora…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
Hibiscus: Nourish your beauty and health with these vibrant blooms Hibiscus is a trumpet shaped flower found abundantly in tropical countries. It has been historically used for its…
Erythritol: A healthy sugar substitute or yet another marketing ploy? Erythritol is a popular choice of a healthy alternative sweetening agent in foods. But how healthy can a…
Trisodium Phosphate: How a paint thinner made its way into your breakfast Ever thought how toxic chemicals find their way into our foods? How can they harm our body? And…
folate test
Folate test The Folate test measures and monitors the levels of folic acid in the blood. This test is also…
hsv-igg
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody which stays in the blood…
Alp enzyme-test
ALP test – Alkaline Phosphate ALP or alkaline phosphate is an enzyme mainly produced by the liver and gallbladder. ALP test measures the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium chloride
Halotherapy: How inhaling salt can work wonders for your body Halotherapy is quickly gaining popularity amongst those with respiratory diseases. It has shown promise in its treatment.
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…

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