Skin Problems in Children

Skin problems in children _ allergies

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of skin problems in children

Increased levels of pollution and growth of microbial pathogens in the environment are adversely impacting human health worldwide. The most affected group under such conditions are the children.  Infections and allergies are prevalent in children living in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Children exposed to dust and smoke throughout the year, are prone to numerous diseases. The most common problem observed in children living in adverse climatic and environmental conditions is “skin problems”. In the majority of the cases, skin problems in children are left undiagnosed on the assumption that they will resolve on their own. Global health organizations are spreading mass awareness related to the health of children, with special emphasis on skin problems in children.

 

What are the skin problems in children?

Skin problems in children_uticaria“Skin problems in children” is an umbrella term that encompasses all the diseases and infections of the skin that are mostly manifested as skin rashes and pigmentation.

These problems may arise from viral, bacterial or fungal pathogens that cause severe damage to the skin. Many children exhibit allergic symptoms in response to certain environmental triggers.

Some of these triggers are- pollen grains, animal dander, and certain food items. Children who live in industrial areas are exposed to excessive pollution throughout the year that affects the skin badly. In tropical and subtropical counties, the children are exposed to intense heat throughout the year, which may lead to heat rashes and associated complications of the skin.

 

What causes skin problems in children?

Skin problems in children arise from multiple aetiological factors. The most commonly studied causes of skin problems in children are discussed below-

  • Bacterial agents like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
  • Fungal species like Tinea
  • Viral pathogens like the Herpes zoster virus
  • Allergic agents like pollen grains, animal dander, sea-foods (shellfish)
  • Insect bites caused by various insects like honey-bees, spiders, red ants and mosquitoes
  • Very dry skin (common in patients who have dehydration or lack of humidity)
  • Weak immunity (incapacitates the body to fight infections)
  • Toxicity caused by certain chemicals or compounds present in the environment (lead, mercury)
  • Intake of contaminated food and water (water may contain arsenic)
  • Exposure to strong rays of the sun for a long period of time (at noon)
  • Existing medical conditions which may cause the release of harmful chemicals like histamine and cytokines in the bloodstream
  • Having foods (junk foods) that contain additives which are not good for health
  • Wearing wet diapers for a long time
  • Bathing with hot water and hard soaps regularly
  • Hormonal changes in growing children
  • Being in direct contact with a person suffering from contagious skin diseases
  • Exposure to frequent changes in temperature
  • Incapability of the body to get acclimatized within a short time
  • The extreme sensitivity of skin to heat or cold
  • Clogging of sweat glands (caused by sweat and dust)
  • The regular diet lacking essential vitamins (Vitamins C and D) and minerals (sodium, potassium)
  • Genetic history of skin problems in childhood
  • Use of poor quality baby powders and soaps
  • Wearing poorly aerated clothes
  • Mental stress caused by problems in the family or at school

 

Symptoms of skin problems in children

Skin problems in children_herpesSkin problems in children are manifested through several identifiable symptoms. The most commonly observed symptoms are discussed below-

  • Pigmentation which grows with time
  • Reddish patches at several regions of the skin
  • Formation of tiny reddish or skin-colored lumps on colored and hands
  • Inflammation, pain, itching, and irritation of the affected skin
  • Reddish streaks originating from the blisters
  • Formation of blisters, papules, and pustules
  • The occurrence of acne in growing children
  • A release of fluid and pus from blisters on being scratched
  • Formation of scar marks on the skin after the blisters heal and fall off as thickened scabs
  • Whitish flakes and scales from affected regions of the skin
  • Tenderness and burning sensation in the skin
  • Change of skin texture after several days of skin infection

 

Types of skin problems in children

The classification of skin problems in children depends on the intensity and cause of infection. This section contains a list of all types of skin diseases-

  • Diaper rashes: Children wearing wet diapers for a long period of time acquire diaper infections. They appear as localized reddish patches and tiny elevated red lumps on the skin.
  • Eczema: In this condition, the skin becomes rough, inflamed and dry with whitish flakes originating from the affected area. Reddish blisters form on the skin. These cause pain and itching. These leave prominent scars after complete recovery.
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis: In this disease, rashes and white flakes appear on the scalp, trunk and face. Inflammation is not present in this disease.
  • Acne: It is very common in growing children. Painful reddish lesions (may or may not contain pus) appear on the face.
  • Cellulitis: In cellulitis, cracks and fissures on the skin facilitate the entry of bacteria. The patients experience sensitivity, warmth, and tenderness of the skin.
  • Impetigo: Children suffering from this disease have blisters on the exposed parts of the body (hands and feet). These blisters may burst and release a purulent discharge. In more advanced stages, these blisters may lead to the formation of sores on large areas of the skin.
  • Ringworm: These are fungal infections. The causative pathogen is Tinea. Reddish, ring-like rashes with thick borders appear in this disease.
  • Scabies: Itch mites are cause scabies in children. The main features are tiny reddish spots on the buttocks, armpit, and forearm.
  • Shingles: The Herpes zoster virus is the main causative agent of shingles. Reddish elevated bumps appear in clusters on the skin. These bumps appear on some specific parts of the skin.
  • Bed sores: These may appear in newborns who have a part of their skin attached to the bed surface throughout the day.

 

Diagnosis

Quite a few laboratory tests are very important for treating skin problems in children-

  • Microscopic diagnosis of skin fragment
  • Dermatopathology
  • Skin biopsy
  • Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)

 

Treatment and prevention

Skin problems in children _ allergiesTreatment – The treatment for skin problems varies based on the type and symptoms of the skin problem.

Eczema 

  • Creams that help reduce the itching and repair the skin and drugs that control inflammation are given to those who have been diagnosed with eczema.
  • Understanding and avoiding the cause of skin irritants.
  • Do not expose them to extreme weather conditions.
  • Make sure to keep their skin moisturized using baby oils and creams.

Diaper rash 

  • As soon as diaper rashes are detected, air out the area and give the skin some time to breathe.
  • Use a diaper rash cream to create a layer above your baby’s skin.
  • Keep the area of the rash clean and dry to avoid it from getting infected.

Acne 

  • Antibiotics are used to kill the extra skin cells and reduce redness.
  • Using creams that contain tretinoin, adapalene, salicylic acid and azelaic acid can help prevent hair follicle plugging and making sure that there is no acne development during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
  • Using gels that contain dapsone as this help reduce the symptoms of inflammatory acne.

Warts

  • Freezing – Here, the doctor freezes warts with liquid nitrogen. This method does not cause discomfort.
  • Burning – Here, the doctor uses liquid nitrogen and then burns warts. This method does not cause much discomfort.
  • Chemical – A chemical cantharidin is used. This chemical is injected into the wart and a blister will form. Once the blister peels off the wart are removed.

Impetigo 

  • Mild or minor cases of impetigo can be treated by cleaning the scabs and removing them. Post which an antibiotic ointment will be applied.
  • Oral antibiotics may need to be prescribed in severe cases of impetigo.

Cellulitis 

  • A general course of antibiotics is prescribed for those who have cellulitis. The symptoms disappear within 3-4 days of the antibiotic course.
  • You might need to be hospitalized if the symptoms of cellulitis do not go away, if you have a high fever and if the oral medications do not have any effect on you.

Prevention 

Eczema 

  • Do not scratch your skin.
  • Keep your skin moisturized.
  • Have your medications on time.

Diaper rash 

  • Do not put the diaper on too tight. Let it be a little lose.
  • Make sure to wipe with every diaper change.
  • Change diapers often.
  • Give your baby some time away from diapers.

Acne 

  • Keep yourself hydrated.
  • Use the appropriate moisturizer for your skin type.
  • Reduce the oil content of your food.

Warts 

  • Avoid direct contact.
  • Do not bite your fingernails.
  • Wash your hands frequently.
  • Do not scratch or pick at warts.

Impetigo 

  • Wash your hands frequently.
  • Cut the nails of your child short to make sure that they do not itch their skin.
  • Use gloves while applying ointment to your child.

Cellulitis 

  • Keep an eye out for infections.
  • Wash your wound every day.
  • Keep your wound covered.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Test new skin care products before using among those with eczema.
  • Use products that are mild for diaper rash.
  • Those with warts keep your hands clean and dry.
Don'ts
  • Rub your skin dry after a bath or swim, pat your skin dry instead – for those with eczema.
  • Make the diaper too sung; make sure that it is a little loose – for diaper rash.
  • Bite your fingernails – for those with warts.

 

 

 

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Goji berry: A traditional Chinese berry that packs the best of antioxidants Goji berry is an ancient berry that is considered to be power-packed with nutrients and antioxidants. Which means…
HSV-1_IGG
Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody & stays in the blood…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
tonometry
Tonometry Tonometry uses a device called tonometer to measure the pressure inside the eye. This pressure is depends upon…
Is it possible to achieve full body detox with Master Cleanse? Master cleanse is a diet consisting of a lemonade based beverage, a salt water drink and a herbal…
complement c4 test
Anemia Profile Anemia Profile test (Basic) is a blood screening test that measures the levels of important components of the…
Thyroid disorders
Thyroid Profile Thyroid profile is a panel of blood tests performed to check if an individual is suffering from any…
colposcopy
Colposcopy Colposcopy is a simple, quick and non- invasive diagnostic tool to look closely inside the vulva, vagina, and…
cancer-389921_1280
Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy or radiotherapy is used to treat cancer. The treatment includes high doses of radiation to destroy…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
CLA: A breakthrough weight loss supplement with minimal side effects Tried every weight loss supplement in the market with no substantial gain? Why not try CLA supplements, derived…
common mental disorders
Common mental health disorders :The silent stigma surrounding millions More than 300 million sufferers and yet a silent and agonizing stigma; why are people still hush-hush about…
amylase test
Amylase Test Amylase test is done by checking the level of this protein in the blood sample and also in…
Cordyceps: How the Caterpillar fungus works as a proven cancer-shield Strange as it may sound, but cordyceps or "caterpillar fungus", a fungus variety native to the Himalayas may…
eating disorder anorexia
Eating Disorders: Lifestyle choice or a psychological condition? Is eating disorder just a harmless bad habit? Or does it represent grim psychological disorders? Do you want…
rosacea-treatment--before-_-after
The best and safest ways to treat rosacea Rosacea is a skin disease that is characterized by reddish hives and rashes on the face. Read more…
Hydroquinone: Is it the best topical treatment for hyperpigmentation? Darkening of the skin due to high melanin levels is called hyperpigmentation.  Hydroquinone interferes with melanin production thus treating…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
Milk Thistle skin
Milk Thistle: Find possible cures for fatal diseases in these purple blooms Milk thistle is well-known for treating liver conditions. However, did you know that it comes with a plethora…
Cottage cheese: What can you find in this healthy chunk of fresh milk cheese? Love cheese but scared of putting on extra pounds? With cottage cheese, you can get the best of…
Heart diseases patient
Heart Valve Surgery A heart valve surgery is a procedure to replace or repair the diseased heart valves. The most commonly…
Sputum test Sputum test is a commonly used diagnostic tool that is used to examine the presence of pathogens in…
Miracle extract from the root of maca: 10 ways it can help you! Maca root has been used for years in herbal medicine. Today scientific research is unearthing fresh evidence in…
Quinine: How gin and tonic came to be known as a potent health elixir The discovery of quinine-containing tree bark is sometimes considered the most serendipitous medical discovery of the 17th century.
Oxidative Stress: Understanding the most lethal phenomenon happening in your body right now Free radicals cause damage to the body, which is known as oxidation.  The amount of oxidation caused by…
Vitamin K2: 8 reasons why you need this bone-building & cancer-fighting nutrient Vitamin K2 is claimed to be essential for your bone health, for reducing the risk of cancer, and…
Low fat diets
A complete list of low-fat diets and how to follow them Low-fat diets help you lose weight in a healthy way, but it works only with regular exercise and…
Vagus nerve: 7 health benefits of stimulating the “gut-brain” connection As a matter of fact, there are two vagus nerves namely the left and the right but is…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
myelogram
Myelography Myelography is an important diagnostic tool that is used to investigate and identify abnormalities in the spine and…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
angiography
Angiography Angiography is a diagnostic tool used to determine the narrowing or blockage in the arteries and veins supplying…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
nutritional yeast bread
Nutritional Yeast : How can a fungi culture be good for your body? Nutritional yeast: How a simple culture of fungi can transform your skin, digestion, immunity , and much more.…
hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
Greek Yogurt: Discover the secret ingredient to the real Spartan strength Greek yogurt is probably the tastiest way you can enhance your gut microflora. Read more to find out…
alcohol toxic
7 startling facts that will make you quit alcohol today Does drinking really make you friendly and happy? How many calories does a can of cold beer add…
Potassium healthy
Potassium: How only 100 mg a day can dramatically increase your lifespan! The word potassium comes from the process where wood ashes were stored in pots for extraction. What else…
Blood Disorders cancer
Immunotherapy immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts the body's immune system to identify the cancer cells and fight cancer.
Lung cancer xray
Lobectomy Lobectomy is a surgery where a lobe of the diseased lung is removed. It is mainly done to…
heartfail_2
Open Heart Surgery An open heart surgery is a major procedure performed to treat heart diseases like congenital heart problem, heart…
Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
These are the top foods to increase your hemoglobin count It is important to add iron-rich foods into your diet in order to increase hemoglobin. Deficiency of hemoglobin could…
biopsy procedure
Biopsy Biopsy is a procedure of studying a live tissue sample collected from a specific organ for diagnosing a…
chloride test
Chloride Test A chloride test of the blood checks the level of chloride in body, an important factor governing the…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
What is Qigong and how can it help you channelize you inner “Qi”? Qigong is an integrated way of performing a traditional exercise regimen that can help in promoting health, mental…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A tTg test is…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
Period sanitary napkin-menstruaion-blood-colors
Period blood – what it says about your health Your period blood color and consistency indicate what is happening in your body. Is your blood bright red…
acne removal tips
Anatomy of acne: 7 instant steps to kiss those zits goodbye Blackheads, whiteheads, or pimples-call them what you may. Acne is never good news.Did you know some of the…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
reflexology massage
Top reasons why you should go for a reflexology massage today Reflexology involves the application of pressure to your feet and hands to encourage self-healing. Could this be beneficial…
Bronchoscopy procedure
Bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy is a procedure where in a scope is inserted into the lung pathway to observe any growth…
APL IgM Test
Antiphospholipid Antibody(APL)-IgM test The antiphospholipid antibodies are specific protein in the body directed against the phospholipids. It is used to detect…

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