TMJ – Temporomandibular Joint Disorders


Last Updated December 20th, 2021

All you need to know about TMJ disorders

TMJ or Temporomandibular Joint is a hinge-like joint that links the jawbone to the skull, with the help of a disc. Owing to any injury or damage, these joints may develop a localized pain which is medically termed as TMJ disorder or Temporomandibular Joint Disorder.

This broad term can also refer to the pain in the adjoining muscles. Due to the pain, this region may suffer from restricted movements during chewing or speaking and in extreme cases. Become completely immobilized. TMJ disorders may manifest owing to a number of reasons. Doctors treat TMJ disorders as a syndrome or symptom complex rather than as a separate single disease. This is because the symptoms of TMJ disorder exhibit the same visible symptoms, irrespective of the cause.

TMJ PainUsually the pain associated with TMJ is temporary which occurs in cycles.

It is estimated that around 20%-30% of adult population has experienced TMJ pain, in varying degrees.

This condition affects women more than men with the ratio being 9:1 (9 women to every 1 man experiencing jaw pain and restricted jaw movement).

Additionally, any pain in the facial region and/or headaches associated with TMJ is also classified under TMJ dysfunction.

 

What leads to TMJ disorders?

Though there could be numerous reasons behind such type of orofacial pain, the exact cause for TMJ dysfunction still remains largely unknown. It could be a result of one or more of the following factors:

  • Jaw disc-displacement: Due to an impactful injury, the disc between the jawbone and the skull may get displaced from its actual location. This makes the opening and closing movement of the jaw abnormal in nature, followed by mild to severe discomfort in the jaw and clicking noises.
  • Degenerative diseases: Conditions leading to gradual degeneration of the joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis, may lead to TMJ dysfunction. TMJs are the one of the most extensively used joints in the body since they are involved during chewing, eating, talking, yawning etc. Any joint degenerative disease, either inflammatory or non-inflammatory, may lead to the weakening of the TMJs and consequent restriction in motion.
  • Physical or mental stress: The continuous cycle of “anxiety-pain-tension” is closely associated with TMJ pain. Stress and anxiety usually cause the jaw to tighten-up and often lead to teeth-grinding. These conditions aggravate the jaw pain and restriction of the muscle-movement. Stress, anxiety, and depression are also counted as significant risk factors for TMJ disorders.
  • Sub-conscious teeth grinding: Inordinate amount of teeth-grinding (mostly, during sleep, but sometimes in awake condition too) and jaw-clenching can put the joint and muscles surrounding this region under great stress. People who tend to chew gum a lot also face this type of pain, though it is not very permanent in nature.
  • Injury: Certain head-related injuries such as whiplash have high correlation with TMJ disorders. Sports injuries, road accidents, or even certain dental surgeries can lead to TMJ damage and pain.
  • Hormonal factors: Since TMJ pain is more common in women than in men, the female hormone estrogen might be linked with this condition. Additionally, the degree of pain has been observed to vary according to hormonal fluctuations during ovulation.

 

Signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders

A TMJ disorder is mainly characterized by a sharp pain felt in the joints along the jaw-line. This pain is large enough to affect the remaining parts in the facial region such as the forehead, ears, eyes, or even the neck. The following provide a detailed list of symptoms associated with this disorder:

  • Pain in the jaw-line which worsens with movement and activity (chewing or talking). This area becomes tenderer and palpitations can be felt in the jaw muscles.
  • Mild to severe restriction of movement of the jaws. Locking of the jaws and stiffness of jaw muscles are observed, which is usually more just after waking up.
  • Clicking noises are heard upon moving the jaw.
  • The jaw pain resembles a severe tooth ache.
  • Pain is felt in the ears too. The clicking/popping noises are felt here also.
  • It is accompanied by headache in the forehead region and also stiffness in the neck.

 

A doctor’s diagnosis of TMJ dysfunction

TMJ causesThere are no specific tests to detect a TMJ dysfunction.

A complete patient history is taken into account, especially the presence of degenerative joint disorders such as osteoporosis or arthritis.

An ENT specialist or a dentist specializing in maxillofacial disorders will detect this disorder by studying the level of pain, movement, and clicking noises in the jaws.

 

Various imaging technique such as MRI scans may also be done to detect the level of disc displacement. If the jaw pain is felt after a physical injury or accident, usually whiplash, then it is indicative of TMJ dysfunction.

 

Treating TMJ disorders

Home Remedies

  • Ice-packs on the area of pain.
  • Non-prescription NSAIDs such as ibuprofen.
  • Avoid hard food which requires lot of chewing.
  • Using aromatic essential oil massage which relieves the muscular stress in this region.
  • Avoid extreme jaw movements such as yawning or talking.

Medical Treatment

  • Setting up a dental splint in the mouth that will hinder teeth-grinding.
  • Physiotherapy to facilitate proper jaw movement.
  • Controlling and treating stress factors by CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Theory).
  • In case of degenerative joint diseases, steroid injections may be helpful in relieving the pain.
  • If these methods don’t provide the desired results, dental surgery may be considered.

 

Are TMJ disorders preventable?

Since TMJ disorders are a result of multiple factors, complete prevention of this condition is not possible. Yet, the magnitude and frequency of jaw pain can be controlled by the following techniques:

  • Avoid chewing gum or any hard food material.
  • When yawning, support your lower jaw with your hands.
  • Maintaining the right sleep posture, especially in the neck region.
  • Avoid taking large bites.
  • Keep yourself stress-free.
  • Seek medical help if you have teeth-grinding issues.

 

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Following correct posture throughout the day can improve your condition a lot. This includes how you hold your phone or which position you sleep.
  • Painkillers are short-term solution; not a lasting treatment method.
  • Keep your jaw unclenched and relaxed (lips closed, teeth slightly apart).
Don'ts
  • Eat hard and chewy food such as apples and carrots. Go for soft and liquid food such as soups and eggs.
  • Chew on gum, pens, or pencils.
  • Sleep on your sides.
  • Breathe through your mouth.

 

 

 

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What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
leptospira Igm test
Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
ashwagandha brain
Ashwagandha: The best-kept secret of Ayurveda now revealed! Ashwagandha literally means "smell of horse". Don't get bogged down by that one tiny detail because this ayurveduic…
Salt dangers
Sodium chloride: The wonders and dangers of the simple table salt Sodium chloride is a salt containing sodium and chlorine ions at a 1:1 ratio. It is edible and…
Bromelain: 11 reasons why you should start adding pineapple to your pizza! If you didn't love pineapples already, here are some of the top health benefits that bromelain can bring…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Shilajit: A miracle Himalayan herb for an active and happy life The Himalayas contain more wonders than you thought. Shilajit is a miracle herb that is widely used in…
Is it possible to achieve full body detox with Master Cleanse? Master cleanse is a diet consisting of a lemonade based beverage, a salt water drink and a herbal…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
piles
Best treatment for piles in Bangalore All you need to know about piles and piles treatment in Bangalore - the types of treatment available,…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
Are you sure you are drinking enough water? Everyone says, drink 8 glasses of water per day. But how much truth is there in this rule…

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