Contact dermatitis

Skin rashes eczema

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Understanding dermatitis

Dermatitis is a general medical term that is used to describe skin irritation. It is a common condition that affects many people globally. It happens due to many reasons and is usually characterized by rashes, itchy, dry skin or inflamed skin. There are several types of dermatitis and the most common ones are

  • Atopic dermatitis or eczema: This type is caused by the skin’s inability to retain moisture due to a gene variation. Eczema is a long-lasting condition that is characterized by red and itchy skin.
  • Cradle cap: This condition, which usually affects babies, causes thick white or yellow scales that aren’t easy to remove.
  • Diaper rash: This is a common form of dermatitis that affects babies. It is characterized by a bright patchwork of red skin on the baby’s buttocks.
  • Seborrheic dermatitis: This type of dermatitis that is characterized by scaly patches and red skin mainly affects the scalp. However, it can also affect the oily areas of the body such as the face, sides of the nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids and chest.
  • Contact dermatitis: This type of dermatitis develops when the skin comes in contact with certain substances.

What is contact dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis is a condition that is characterized by a red, itchy rash when a person’s skin comes in contact with certain substances like soaps, cosmetics, fragrances, jewelry and plants. It is usually caused by an allergic reaction to a particular substance. The rash is not contagious or very serious but it can cause discomfort.

Causes and types of contact dermatitis

Contact dermatitis happens when your skin gets irritated when it comes in contact with a particular substance. This can happen due to an allergic reaction, a non-allergic reaction or photosensitivity. Depending on the cause, contact dermatitis is divided into three types. These are

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

This type of contact dermatitis occurs when a substance (allergen) triggers an immune response when it comes in contact with the skin. In most cases, the irritation only occurs in the region that came in contact with the allergen. However, sometimes the irritation may spread to other parts of the body. While some allergens like poison ivy can cause a strong reaction after a single exposure, weaker allergens like pollen may require multiple exposures to trigger a reaction.

Here are some of the most common allergens

  • Metals: Nickel is one of the most common allergens that can cause contact dermatitis. Some people may also be allergic to copper, yellow gold, platinum, stainless steel and sterling silver.
  • Medications: People mostly get allergic reactions from antibiotics, with penicillin being the most common allergen. However, people are also allergic to anticonvulsants, aspirin, sulfa drugs and chemotherapy drugs.
  • Formaldehyde: Formaldehyde is a chemical that is used in many products. It is also a common allergen and it was declared the Contact Allergen of the Year for 2015 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS).
  • Personal care products: Soaps, shampoos, deodorants, perfumes, hair gel, makeup, lipstick or wax, nail polish may all cause contact dermatitis.
  • Plants: Certain plants can cause contact dermatitis. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, balsam of Peru causes contact dermatitis in certain people.
  • Latex: Some people are also allergic to latex and this can cause problems when they use latex products like gloves, condoms and clothing.
  • Airborne substances: Dust, pollen, animal dander (microscopic, flecks of skin shed by animals), dust mites and mold.

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

This is a form of contact dermatitis which results due to the damage of the skin. This can be caused by friction, environmental factors such as cold, over-exposure to water, or chemicals. This is a non-allergic reaction (which means the immune system wasn’t involved) and results due to the outer layer of the skin being damaged.

In some cases, a single exposure to an irritant is sufficient to trigger a strong reaction. In other cases, repeated exposures are required to trigger a reaction. For example, people whose hands are frequently exposed to water experience irritant contact dermatitis.

The following are some of the most common irritants

  • Solvents
  • Rubbing alcohol
  • Bleach and detergents
  • Shampoos,
  • Airborne substances, such as sawdust or wool dust
  • Plants
  • Fertilizers and pesticides

Photocontact dermatitis

This type of contact dermatitis happens when a substance on the skin reacts with the ultraviolet rays from the sun. These substances can be

  • Some sunscreens
  • Coal tar products
  • Fragrances
  • Insecticides and disinfectants

These products contain drugs or chemicals that are photosensitizing agents (drugs that are activated when exposed to ultraviolet radiation). The resulting reaction between ultraviolet rays and photosensitizing agents can cause damage to the skin in two ways.

Phototoxic reactions
This happens due to the direct damage of the skin resulting from a reaction between ultraviolet rays and photosensitizing agents. Some symptoms include

  • Burning and stinging sensation in the affected area
  • Redness in the affected area
  • Symptoms similar to a bad sunburn

Photoallergic reactions

This is an allergic reaction that happens when the body’s immune system responds to a certain substance whose structure has changed after exposure to the ultraviolet rays from the sun. Some of the symptoms include

  • Inflammation in the affected area
  • Itching in the affected area
  • Redness in the affected area

Symptoms

Contact dermatitis usually affects the areas of the body that has been exposed to the allergen or irritant. Some of the most common symptoms are

  • Rash: Rashes usually develop within minutes or sometimes hours of exposure to the allergen/irritant. Rashes can last anywhere between two to four weeks.
  • Hives: This is a condition that is characterized with red, raised, itchy skin rash. It is common in allergic contact dermatitis as it is caused by an immune response.
  • Pruritus (itching): This is a common symptom of dermatitis. Depending on the allergen or the irritant, itching may range from mild to severe.
  • Dry, cracked or scaly skin: This is more common in photocontact dermatitis as the skin loses its moisture content.
  • Blisters: This is more common in irritant contact dermatitis especially if the irritant is a strong acid or an alkali.
  • Inflammation or tenderness: This is more common in allergic contact dermatitis as the immune response causes inflammation and tenderness in the affected area.

Diagnosis

Contact dermatitis is usually diagnosed in the following ways

By checking the appearance of the skin

Kawasaki Disease skin peelingRashes associated with different ailments have different appearances or patterns. The rash associated with contact dermatitis is always in the area where the skin has come in contact with the irritant. For example, if you have developed contact dermatitis in the face it may because you are allergic to the makeup. This helps the doctor make the diagnosis.

Identifying the irritants

A patch test is usually done to determine the exact allergen. This involves applying tiny amounts of known allergens on the skin. These patches are applied to your skin for a period of 2-3 days. Your skin will then be examined for any irritation.

While testing for potential irritants, the doctor may ask you to do a repeated open application test. This testy involves using your makeup, deodorant or soap for a period of 5-10 days. The doctor will then look for signs of any irritation.

Skin biopsy

A skin biopsy involves removing a small part of the skin for analysis. In case of contact dermatitis, a biopsy is usually done to rule out other skin disorders like psoriasis and lichen planus. Allergic contact dermatitis can be identified by analyzing the concentration of Langerhans cells (cells that help regulate the immune system) on the skin.

Treatment

Treatment for contact dermatitis mainly involves identifying the substance that is responsible and avoiding it. If the substance is not identified and avoided, the symptoms may become chronic and disabling. Treatment for contact dermatitis may also involve the use of

Topical Steroids
These help in reducing inflammation associated with contact dermatitis. Applying steroid creams or gels two or three times a day will help get the rash under control. Steroid creams of mild strength can be purchased over the counter. If there is no improvement after seven days of application, you will need to contact the doctor, who may prescribe you with a stronger dose. Topical steroids should not be applied on sensitive areas like the face, underarms and genitals as they can skin thinning.

Antihistamines
Histamine is a compound that is released by the body during injury or infection. It causes inflammation and itching. Antihistamines work by stopping the effect of histamines. A sedating antihistamine may be prescribed for contact dermatitis especially if the condition has affected the sleep of the patient. This has had many side effects such as

  • Dryness of mouth
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Dizziness
  • Impaired coordination

Topical Immunomodulators
Skin rashes eczemaThese medications, which are also known as calcineurin inhibitors, also have anti-inflammatory properties. They work by inhibiting the action of calcineurin, an enzyme that activates T-cells of the immune system. They work well for people whose face and other sensitive areas have been affected by dermatitis. However, these creams may cause burning and itching at the application site.

Antibiotics
Antibiotics are prescribed when the contact dermatitis causes secondary bacterial infections. However, people should be careful while using antibiotics as these medicines are also sometimes responsible for contact dermatitis.

Systemic Steroids
These are synthetic derivatives of cortisol, a natural steroid that is produced by the adrenal glands. Systemic steroids are generally prescribed when the rash associated with contact dermatitis is severe. Although they usually provide quick relief, it is only prescribed for short periods of time. This is because systemic steroids have many side effects which may include

  • Weight gain
  • Bone thinning
  • Cataracts, glaucoma
  • Easy bruising
  • Sleep disturbances

Phototherapy
This is a type of treatment that involves the use of fluorescent light bulbs, sunlight or other sources of light to treat certain conditions like phototherapy. These light sources emit ultraviolet rays which inhibit cell growth and inflammation.

Treatment for this contact dermatitis also involves managing the symptoms associated with this disorder. Here are some ways to manage the symptoms

  • Itching can be reduced by using a cold compress.
  • People whose hands are affected should not wash their hands too many times. The use of mild moisturizers, soaps and detergents may also help. Gloves should also be used at all times.
  • People who have lesions that are oozing can use Aluminum triacetate (Burrow’s solution) or calamine.
  • If you are allergic to metals, use covers over metal fasteners to avoid skin contact.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Always test out a new personal product like deodorants, lipstick and creams before buying.
  • Always wear gloves while working with chemicals.
  • You should regularly moisturize your skin with a mild moisturizer.
Don'ts
  • Take long showers or baths. Water washes away the natural oils from the skin and makes it prone rashes
  • Itch or rub your skin hard. This will lead to the breakage of the skin, which in turn could lead to infections.
  • Spend too much time in the sun as that may worsen the symptoms.

 

 

 

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What to eat, what not to eat in the South Beach Diet? The South Beach Diet is one among the most popular weight loss programs that have been the talk…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
CT-scan-machine
CT – Computed Tomography Scan CT scan or computed tomography scan is an diagnostic imaging technique where cross-sectional images of body are obtained…
LFT-test
Liver Function Test – LFT LFT or Liver Function Test is a blood test used to determine the levels of hepatic enzymes which…
Anti-CCP Test – Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Anti-ccp or ACCP test is a blood test that is primarily employed to diagnose the onset of rheumatoid…
CEA_test
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test CEA or carcinoembryonic test detects the presence of CEA antigen in your blood mainly & determines the effectiveness…
amylase test
Amylase Test Amylase test is done by checking the level of this protein in the blood sample and also in…
HSV-1_IGG
Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody & stays in the blood…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
Did you know drinking alkaline water could be the healthier choice for you? Ever wondered how safe is your drinking water in terms of pH? Recent studies have revealed that Alkaline…
Goji berry: A traditional Chinese berry that packs the best of antioxidants Goji berry is an ancient berry that is considered to be power-packed with nutrients and antioxidants. Which means…
GERD heartburn
Heartburn: What are the exact symptoms and the best home remedies? There are easy home remedies for heartburn, which not only acts as a first aid when you experience…
Ear pain model
Easy and safe tips for ear wax removal you can do at home Cerumen impaction generally occurs when an external object like cotton swabs are used to remove the ear wax.…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
woman with abdominal pain holding ovulation calendar
Ovulation – facts to know about ovulation Learn how and when ovulation occurs, demystify common misconceptions, identify symptoms, methods of detection and right period for…
hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
biotin for hair
Biotin: One-stop-shop for shiny hair and an active body! What is common to bananas, eggs, sweet potatoes, and liver? These are delicious and rich in biotin ;…
Hydroquinone: Is it the best topical treatment for hyperpigmentation? Darkening of the skin due to high melanin levels is called hyperpigmentation.  Hydroquinone interferes with melanin production thus treating…
Oxalates: How healthy greens can sometimes be bad news for your kidneys Oxalates are compounds present in a majority of healthy foods. However, at times an overconsumption of these could…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
beta hcg test
Beta hCG Test A Beta hCG test measures the level of human gonadotropin hormones present in the blood that is primarliy…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
shiitake mushrooms healthy
What are Shiitake Mushrooms and why should you eat them? Shiitake Mushrooms are well known for their smoky and robust taste. However, did you know they are replete…
sleep deprivation
Don’t let your sleep deficit grow into memory loss or heart attack Why is sleep important for us? How could sleep deprivation harm you? We bet you didn't know about…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
ashwagandha brain
Ashwagandha: The best-kept secret of Ayurveda now revealed! Ashwagandha literally means "smell of horse". Don't get bogged down by that one tiny detail because this ayurveduic…
Salt dangers
Sodium chloride: The wonders and dangers of the simple table salt Sodium chloride is a salt containing sodium and chlorine ions at a 1:1 ratio. It is edible and…
Bromelain: 11 reasons why you should start adding pineapple to your pizza! If you didn't love pineapples already, here are some of the top health benefits that bromelain can bring…
Psyllium Husk: More than just an effective natural laxative Psyllium husk, or isabgol, is a popular natural laxative . But did you in addition to regulating bowels,…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
Strep throat pain
Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
yoga health benefits
How to practice yoga for astounding health benefits Can a 5000-year-old system be the ultimate body healer? Did you know yoga can make you smarter and…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Shilajit: A miracle Himalayan herb for an active and happy life The Himalayas contain more wonders than you thought. Shilajit is a miracle herb that is widely used in…
The complete “what to eat” guide for gluten intolerance Does eating breads and pastas often makes you nauseous? Gluten intolerance is a common reason why you might…
Exercises or diet? Find out the healthiest way to gain weight Tired of being called skinny all the time? Looking for healthy ways to beef up? Why not try…
Is it possible to achieve full body detox with Master Cleanse? Master cleanse is a diet consisting of a lemonade based beverage, a salt water drink and a herbal…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
leptospira Igm test
Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
piles
Best treatment for piles in Bangalore All you need to know about piles and piles treatment in Bangalore - the types of treatment available,…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
The Shepherd's diet
Facts about the Shepherd’s diet Kristina Wilds promoted Shepherd's diet, a Christian-based diet that highlights Jesus Christ's diet as mentioned in the Bible.
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…

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