Rheumatic Fever

RHEUMATIC FEVER swollen joints

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview

We have all, at some time in lives (probably several times), suffered from a sore throat. This may have been accompanied by typical symptoms of a cold, such as a runny nose, coughing, and sneezing. A sore throat is usually caused by viral infection. Like a sore throat, a strep throat is also caused by infection, usually a bacterium known as Streptococcus pyogenes. However, the two conditions are distinct. Strep throat appears without the other symptoms of a cold. The patient will generally have a high fever. A strep throat is usually more severe than a common sore throat and may also affect the tonsils and lymph nodes.

A viral infection, which is usually responsible for a common sore throat, is typically short-lived and self-limiting. A bacterial infection, on the other hand, can last longer and progress further unless treated with antibiotics. In fact, a common strep throat can actually give rise to some very serious complications. Examples of possible complications of strep throat include guttate psoriasis, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever.

 

What Is Rheumatic Fever?

An untreated strep throat can escalate into a more severe condition known as rheumatic fever. This is an inflammatory disease that affects the joints and cardiovascular system. It can permanently damage the heart’s valves or lead to heart failure. In fact, this condition can even be fatal.  The actual cause for rheumatic fever is not the bacteria itself but a disproportionate immune response to the bacterial infection. Typical symptoms include joint pain, shortness of breath, chest pain and fatigue. Other, less common, symptoms such as Sydenham’s chorea and skin rashes may also be present.

Rheumatic fever may affect any individual of any age although it is more likely to target children, teenagers, and young adults. The incidence of rheumatic fever is particularly high in parts of the world where infections are more common due to poverty, unsanitary conditions, crowding, and limited access to medications. Hence, rheumatic fever is more commonly encountered in developing nations than in developed countries.    

 

What Is Responsible For Rheumatic Fever?

When a person develops a strep throat, this is because of a bacterial infection. The infection can be treated effectively by means of antibiotics. Inflammation in the throat from an untreated strep throat can worsen when the immune system overreacts to the infection, releasing large quantities of inflammatory chemicals. As a result, inflammation spreads to other parts of the body, usually the joints and even the heart.

Here are some risk factors associated with rheumatic fever:

  • Having a strep throat.
  • Having another form of Streptococcus infection such as a skin infection called pyoderma.
  • Those who have suffered from rheumatic fever previously are at a greater risk of developing it again. This is especially true if the condition was not satisfactorily cleared up the first time.
  • Rheumatic fever is more likely to affect individuals between the ages of 5 and 15. Most cases are observed to affect those under 35 years of age.

 

What Are The Symptoms Of Rheumatic Fever?

RHEUMATIC FEVER swollen jointsJoint pain as a result of inflammation (arthritis) is the most common symptom of rheumatic fever. This inflammation can also spread to the heart, causing carditis. Inflammation of heart tissues can have more severe consequences such as congestive heart failure. Less common symptoms are also included in the list below:

  • Swollen joints.
  • Pain in the affected joints.
  • High fever.
  • Nosebleeds.
  • Shortness of breath.
  • A cough.
  • Persistent fatigue.
  • Chest pain.
  • Abdominal pain.
  • Painless skin rash that may spread across the body. This is known as erythema marginatum.
  • Painless bumps beneath the skin.
  • Sydenham’s chorea, a combination of symptoms including uncontrollable twitching (usually of the hands and feet), reduced fine motor abilities, unexplained emotional behavior and loss of balance.

 

Can There Be Any Serious Complications?

There can be further consequences when rheumatic fever escalates or when it is unsatisfactorily treated. Carditis linked with rheumatic fever can lead to congestive heart failure. Some patients may even develop a form of cardiac arrhythmia known as atrial fibrillation which may lead to a stroke. Recurrent bouts of rheumatic fever can give rise to heart valve disease.

 

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

The patient may already have been diagnosed with a strep throat. This can help to correlate arthritis and other symptoms of inflammation triggered by Streptococcus bacteria. Imaging tests help to assess the condition of the heart. The following procedures aid in diagnosing the condition and obtaining clarity as to the extent of the problem:

  • Physical examination.
  • Medical history.
  • Blood tests.
  • Electrocardiogram.
  • Echocardiogram.

RHEUMATIC FEVER nose bleedsThe treatment for rheumatic fever mainly aims at eliminating streptococcus A bacteria from the body. This includes antibiotics dosage, either oral or in the form of injections. The treatment is usually long-term to ensure that there are no chances of its recurrence. Though it is rare, in few cases the affected child might require a lifelong antibiotic treatment course.  Other drugs that help in alleviating the conditions are anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or aspirin. These should be taken only upon the doctor’s recommendation. If the involuntary movement of muscles and limbs increase beyond a limit, anticonvulsant drugs may be prescribed. Strict bed rst is advised for the patient.

The most effective way to prevent rheumatic fever is a complete treatment of strep throat infection. Make sure that the complete antibiotic course is taken by the patient. One can prevent the onset of strep throat infection by following basic hygiene practices. Always sanitize your hands before eating, cover your nose and mouth while coughing/sneezing, and maintain a safe distance from strep throat infected individuals.

 

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Take the recommended 10 day dosage of antibiotic, penicillin, without fail.
  • In order to prevent future occurrence of rheumatic fever, it is important to get the penicillin injections every 28 days or as recommended by the paediatrician.
  • Take extra care of oral health. Infections of the gum can further trigger heart conditions such as endocarditis among rheumatic fever patients.
Don'ts
  • Consume sweet foods too much and too often.
  • Miss out on penicillin injection routine.
  • Ignore the symptoms of strep throat and let it untreated or partially treated.

 

 

 

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GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
Bloodtestalbumin
Albumin Test Albumin test or blood serum test is a liver function test that measures the amount of the protein…
blood elements analysis
Blood Element Analysis Test A blood element analysis is a blood test performed to measure the level of toxic elements such as…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
Urologist: When should you visit one and why? A urologist can treat not only genitourinary problems of both men and women but also can treat various…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
Strep throat pain
Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
Agave nectar: The bitter truth about this sweetener revealed Agave nectar is considered to be sweeter than the normal table sugar and even contains higher amounts of…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
hemoglobin variant analysis
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis Hemoglobin variant analysis is a blood test that is used to detect the presence of hemoglobin variants which…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…

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