Thrombophilia

Thrombophilia injury

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of Thrombophilia

On a daily basis, a blood clot is a common phenomenon occurring even when a person has minor cuts or injuries. Therefore in many cases, unusual blood clotting is considered as a regular occurrence and ignored. Normally blood clotting occurs after an injury to protect the damaged tissues from infection. But there are other acute forms of blood clotting (both internal and external) which can pose a major threat to the vital organs. Thrombophilia is one such condition marked by abnormalities in blood coagulation. It is detected in 50% of the people who had a history of thrombosis.

A recent statistics provided by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis shows that each year there are 10 million cases of Venous thromboembolism (an acute case of blood clot in veins) in the world that lead to deaths in many cases. The health organizations are working on educating the mass about the severity and consequences of abnormal blood coagulation in the body.

 

What is Thrombophilia?

Thrombophilia blood clotThrombophilia is an abnormality in blood coagulation which may lead to clots in blood vessels. It may even give rise to serious conditions like deep vein thrombosis. A blood clot is defined as the conversion of liquid blood released at the site of injury into a viscous form that clusters around the spot. This is basically a defense mechanism (immune response) of the body to protect the damaged tissues and cells from future infections. But in many cases, such as in Thrombophilia, blood clot occurs inside the body, particularly in veins and arteries which obstructs the circulation of blood to several vital organs like heart, kidney, and lungs. In such cases, proper diagnosis should be carried out to save the patient from a major disaster.

 

What causes Thrombophilia?

Thrombophilia mainly occurs due to certain genetic factors. It may be acquired as well in some cases. In the rest of the cases, the disease is idiopathic, that is of unknown cause. The general causes of abnormal blood clots are as follows-

  • An injury (bump) of severe nature
  • Hormonal drugs (birth control pills)
  • Increased estrogen during pre-natal and post-natal stages
  • Bone fracture
  • Obesity
  • Stroke or paralytic conditions that cause immobility
  • Varicose veins (due to backflow of blood)
  • Cardiac disorders
  • A damaged inner lining of veins (due to intrusions such as a central venous catheter)
  • Nephrotic syndromes which cause renal failure
  • Malignancy and associated chemotherapy
  • Arthritic conditions such as rheumatoid disease and spondylitis

 

What are the main clinical features of Thrombophilia?

Thrombophilia_DVTThrombophilia is characterized by a number of clinical features.

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Blood clots in the veins supplying to the legs.
  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Arterial blockage in the lungs.
  • Venous Thromboembolism (VTE): Blood clot in the main veins.
  • Venous Thrombosis: Occurs in the veins of the liver (portal and hepatic brain thrombosis), brain, mesenteric vein, kidney (renal vein thrombosis) and the veins of the arms.
  • Arterial Thrombosis (AT): Can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
  • Recurrent miscarriage: Due to pre-natal complications like pre-eclampsia, abruption placentae, stillbirth and intrauterine growth restriction.
  • Purpura fulminans: Due to Protein C deficiency.
  • Skin necrosis: Due to Protein S deficiency.

 

What are the warning signs of Thrombophilia?

Thrombophilia is accompanied by a number of signs and symptoms that are evident in blood clot patients in general. Identification of these signs is essential for the proper diagnosis of the disease. Some of the main symptoms are as follows-

  • Limbs: Blood clot in limbs can generate pain due to cramps, inflammation and extreme sensitivity to touch.
  • Abdomen: Nausea, vomiting, digestive disorders and extreme pain may occur due to the blood clot in the abdomen.
  • Heart: Arterial blood clots obstruct normal blood flow to the heart and are manifested as tightness and pain around the chest, irregular heartbeats, perspiration, and breathlessness.
  • Lungs: Blood clots in lungs cause chest discomfort and cough (often accompanied by blood), giddiness, breathing problems and pale skin.
  • Brain: Patients with blood clots in veins experience convulsions, extreme fatigue, and audio-visual disorders.

 

What are some of the types of Thrombophilia?

Thrombophilia injuryBased on the etiology, Thrombophilia is mainly of two types-

  • Congenital: This type of Thrombophilia arises from the hyperactivity of the different coagulation factors. The main coagulation factors involved in this case are- Prothrombin G20210A and Factor V Leiden. The former arises from a mutation in prothrombin and the latter from a mutation in the F5 gene. People having protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency or familial dysfibrinogenemia have greater risks of the disease. The blood groups other than Type O have 2-4 fold chances of developing blood clots.
  • Acquired: Certain acquired conditions increase the risks of Thrombosis. Some of these are Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Nephrotic syndrome, and obesity.

Based on the region of occurrence, blood clots in Thrombophilia can be classified into two types:

  • Arterial clots: Clots in arteries can lead to a transient ischemic attack, peripheral blockage and gangrene (dead tissues due to obstructed blood flow) and myocardial infarction (necrosis of heart muscles).
  • Intravenous clots: Blood clots found in the deeper regions of the veins cause Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). It affects mainly the limbs, abdomen, and brain.

 

Diagnosis, treatment, & prevention

The following laboratory examinations are recommended to check for Thrombophilia-

  • Complete blood count
  • Prothrombin time
  • Partial thromboplastin time
  • Thrombodynamics test
  • Thrombin time and reptilase time
  • Fibrinogen Tests
  • Basal homocysteine levels

Thrombophilia is a genetic disease and there is no such cure for it. Anticoagulants and blood-thinners can regulate the conditions temporarily, but the disease cannot be eliminated completely. There are no preventive measures against such conditions too. Nevertheless, few measures can help decrease the severity of the symptoms such as :

  • Taking long flights or journey where the individual doesn’t have much scope for movement.
  • Use of compression stockings, in case of prolonged bed-rest.
  • Before taking medications for birth control, always consult your doctor.
  • Refrain from smoking and other forms of tobacco consumption.
  • Control your weight which will help in decreasing the strain on the legs.

There are no specific vulnerable groups for blood clot-related diseases. Children and adults can be equally affected. But a specialist should be consulted before using blood thinners (oral or intravenous) to prevent blood clots because these can have adverse impacts like excessive bleeding (due to the presence of overactive anticoagulants in the bloodstream). An improper diagnosis or medication can worsen blood clot conditions and damage the body’s immune system permanently.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Any clot formed in the brain or liver should be taken as a warning sign for thrombophilia.
  • While this condition cannot be cured completely, medications such as blood thinners can help in managing the symptoms.
  • Birth control pills tend to increase your body’s blot clotting capacity. Refer to your doctor first when starting to take the pill, if you have chances of developing thrombophilia (FVL factor).
  • Be extra-cautious in situations where bleeding can happen such as shaving, playing contact sports, flossing, or using sharp tools.
Don'ts
  • Take long road trips or flights a stretch ifchIf you have been diagnosed with thrombophilia. It is important to keep moving your legs during such situations and drinking lots of water.
  • Let yourself gain weight. If you are obese, try to cut down on your weight since being over-weight will increase the pressure on the legs leading to more clotting.

 

 

 

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hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
Dragon Fruit – Blessing from Nature’s Basket Dragon fruit is packed with nutrients but low on calories. It is the dream food that can help…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
How to correctly perform nasal irrigation using a Neti Pot? Neti pot has been a part of Ayurveda since centuries. This ancient tool is extremely effective in treating…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
Bloodtestalbumin
Albumin Test Albumin test or blood serum test is a liver function test that measures the amount of the protein…
blood elements analysis
Blood Element Analysis Test A blood element analysis is a blood test performed to measure the level of toxic elements such as…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
Quinine: How gin and tonic came to be known as a potent health elixir The discovery of quinine-containing tree bark is sometimes considered the most serendipitous medical discovery of the 17th century.
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
Strep throat pain
Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
Agave nectar: The bitter truth about this sweetener revealed Agave nectar is considered to be sweeter than the normal table sugar and even contains higher amounts of…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
hemoglobin variant analysis
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis Hemoglobin variant analysis is a blood test that is used to detect the presence of hemoglobin variants which…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…

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