Enlarged Liver

Enlarged liver jaundice

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Yes, enlarged liver could be a serious and dangerous condition.Your liver swells up in size mainly owing to build-up of fatty tissues or accumulation of fluids. An enlarged liver could also be a sign of cancer or cirrhosis (irreversible scarring of liver tissues). At times, congestive heart diseases could also cause your liver to swell up. In other words, enlarged liver could very well be either a symptom or cause of a serious condition and must be taken up with a doctor immediately.
Yes, doctors believe that in many cases the enlarged liver can be reversed and brought back to its normal size. It has been observed that when chronic alcohol drinkers (with this condition) stop consuming alcohol, this condition can be reversed. However, if the liver has either fibrosis or cirrhosis, the condition cannot be reversed.
No, both the conditions are not the same although they may have similar symptoms and causes. An enlarged liver could be related to cancer, fluid-accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis etc, in addition to fatty deposits. Fatty liver or hepatic steatosis is mostly associated with alcohol consumption and high cholesterol consumption. If left untreated, it will eventually progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Enlarged liver, which is often a symptom of an underlying liver disease, can occur in children too. Severe and complicated cases of jaundice and other serious metabolic disorders, if rapidly progressing in nature, can cause acute liver failure in children. These can have enlarged liver as one of the primary symptoms.

Overview of enlarged liver

The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. It is responsible for diverse functions such as cholesterol metabolism, glycogen storage, hormonal balance, protein synthesis and purification of blood. Numerous problems of the liver may arise due to unhealthy dietary habits, addictive habits, and an unhygienic lifestyle. The most common form of liver disease is “Enlarged liver”. It is more prevalent in alcoholics. These people may develop Liver Cirrhosis and Fatty Liver disease in future. Enlarged liver is also common in infants suffering from hepatic diseases, particularly jaundice.

The World Health Organisation reports of 2010 show that nearly 1.4 million deaths were documented all over the world due to Hepatitis. An alarming statistics by the American Liver Foundation in the year 2016 has revealed that around 6 million children worldwide suffer from different types of liver diseases. Enlarged liver, in particular, is an extremely threatening condition. It may be an indicator of liver cancer and may even lead to death.

 

What is enlarged liver?

Enlarged liverEnlarged liver or “Hepatomegaly” is an abnormal pathological condition in which the liver becomes unusually bigger than the normal size. This condition may arise due to some existing diseases (particularly liver disease) and a few unhealthy habits, such as alcoholism. Size of a healthy liver is 1.4-1.5 kg in men and 1.2-1.4 kg in women. The width of the liver is less than 16 cm along the mid-clavicular line. Abnormalities in any of the above measurements may be observed in a patient with an enlarged liver. An enlarged liver usually pushes down towards the Left Iliac Fossa (LIF). Enlarged liver is most commonly observed in patients with an alcoholic liver disease, liver cancer, or congestive cardiac failure.

 

What causes enlarged liver?

Enlarged liver is attributed to a wide range of factors. The commonly studied causes are given below-

  • Infections: Infections caused by viral or bacterial agents may lead to enlarged liver. A few examples of this category are- Viral Hepatitis (caused by the Hepatitis A, B or C virus), Mononucleosis (caused by the Epstein-Barr virus), Helminthic infection, Malaria or infection by Cytomegalovirus. People suffering from amoebic abscess or pyogenic abscess are also highly susceptible to enlarged liver condition.
  • Auto-immune diseases: A few auto-immune liver diseases damage the liver cells permanently and give rise to an enlarged liver.
  • Biliary diseases: Obstruction of the bile duct may occur due to certain existing biliary diseases like- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, Cholangiocarcinoma and Pancreatic cancer. All of these diseases disrupt the normal mechanism of bile flow. This leads to the formation of an enlarged liver.
  • Congestive cardiac conditions: People suffering from different types of cardiovascular disorders often experience a few major congestive cardiac conditions such as- Congestive Cardiac Failure, Constrictive Pericarditis (due to abnormal constriction of blood vessels in the peripheral regions), Right Ventricular Failure (due to valve dysfunctions) or Budd Chiari syndrome (due to obstruction of hepatic veins). These conditions lead to deficient supply of oxygen to the liver, which therefore fails to function normally. This may be manifested as an enlarged liver.
  • Haematological diseases: Certain diseases related to abnormalities in haemoglobin level such as Sickle cell disease, Haemolytic anaemia, Leukaemia, Myeloma and Thalassaemia can lead to shortage of oxygen supply to the liver. This can lead to liver enlargement in due course of time.
  • Tumours: People suffering from a few diseases like- Primary Hepatic tumour, Secondary Carcinoma, Sarcoidosis, Lymphoma and Amyloidosis develop benign or malignant tumours which obstruct the hepatic pathway. This can cause enlarged liver.
  • Metabolic diseases: There are a number of metabolic diseases like – Wilson’s disease, Haemochromatosis,  Glycogen storage disease, Fatty liver syndrome (non-alcoholic) and Diabetes mellitus which adversely impact the normal functioning of the liver. This may result in enlarged liver.
  • Medications: Toxicities induced by a number of over-the counter drugs such as- Amiodarone, Paracetamol, Macrolides and Statins can cause enlargement of the liver.
  • Alcohol abuse: Chronic alcoholics usually develop diseases like- Fatty liver disease and Alcoholic Hepatitis. Both the diseases may lead to an enlarged liver.
  • Past infections: A history of recurrent liver diseases may cause permanent enlargement of the liver.

 

Symptoms of enlarged liver

Enlarged liver anatomySigns and symptoms of enlarged liver are not so prominent in the early stages. In the more advanced stages, the following symptoms may be observed-

  • Liver size greater than 3.5 cm below the right coastal margin (in infants)
  • Rubbery or leathery texture of the liver surface (occurs in Hepatitis)
  • Increased tenderness of liver ( in acute Hepatitis and venous congestion)
  • Abnormal toughness and firmness of liver (in case of Cirrhosis)
  • Formation of nodules on the liver (Hepatic cancer)
  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Fatigue
  • Jaundice-like symptoms
  • Spleen enlargement
  • Increased bruising
  • Dizziness
  • Gastrointestinal disorders
  • Fever

 

Types of enlarged liver

Enlarged liver conditions are broadly classified into two types depending on the texture of the liver surface-

  • Smooth Hepatomegaly: In this condition, the liver surface is more or less smooth. Abnormal pulsation of the liver occurs in this condition. This kind of Hepatomegaly is observed in- Chronic heart failure, Hepatitis, early cirrhosis and tricuspid incompetence.
  • Craggy Hepatomegaly: This form of Hepatomegaly is characterized by a rough texture of the liver surface due to the formation of nodules and tumours. This kind of Hepatomegaly is common in patients suffering from Primary Hepatoma or Secondary Tumours.

 

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of enlarged liver is very important for the determination of the exact cause. The following laboratory examinations are usually recommended by the doctors-

  • Blood test (complete blood count)
  • Fasting blood glucose
  • Urinalysis
  • Hepatitis serology
  • Total and direct bilirubin
  • Lipid profile
  • Biopsy of liver
  • Bone marrow aspiration

 

Treatment & Prevention

Enlarged liver jaundiceThe treatment for an enlarged liver depends on the exact cause or the underlying medical condition that is causing hepatomegaly.  If the underlying condition is alcoholic hepatitis or non-alcoholic liver disease, substantial dietary and lifestyle changes can help the patient. This includes a strict limitation on alcohol consumption and fatty foods. If the liver enlargement is caused by a hepatitis infection, treating the infection and maintaining a careful diet can help reduce the symptoms. 

Preventing any liver disorder includes the following measures:

  • Consume more of fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains instead of greasy foods and sugar-laden items.
  • Strict no-no to alcohol and smoking. Steer clear from any form of substance abuse.
  • Always refer to a doctor before taking any medication, even if it’s OTC.
  • Don’t expose yourself to harmful chemicals and toxic fumes. Limit your exposure to environmental toxins.

 

Yes, enlarged liver could be a serious and dangerous condition.Your liver swells up in size mainly owing to build-up of fatty tissues or accumulation of fluids. An enlarged liver could also be a sign of cancer or cirrhosis (irreversible scarring of liver tissues). At times, congestive heart diseases could also cause your liver to swell up. In other words, enlarged liver could very well be either a symptom or cause of a serious condition and must be taken up with a doctor immediately.
Yes, doctors believe that in many cases the enlarged liver can be reversed and brought back to its normal size. It has been observed that when chronic alcohol drinkers (with this condition) stop consuming alcohol, this condition can be reversed. However, if the liver has either fibrosis or cirrhosis, the condition cannot be reversed.
No, both the conditions are not the same although they may have similar symptoms and causes. An enlarged liver could be related to cancer, fluid-accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis etc, in addition to fatty deposits. Fatty liver or hepatic steatosis is mostly associated with alcohol consumption and high cholesterol consumption. If left untreated, it will eventually progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Enlarged liver, which is often a symptom of an underlying liver disease, can occur in children too. Severe and complicated cases of jaundice and other serious metabolic disorders, if rapidly progressing in nature, can cause acute liver failure in children. These can have enlarged liver as one of the primary symptoms.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Take get fully vaccinated for hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is responsible for almost 1/3rd of all cases of liver cirrhosis cases across the globe.
  • Follow a well-balanced diet that eliminates excess fats, sugar, and preservatives.
  • Keep a close monitor of your blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. More so, if one has a family history of liver diseases.
Don'ts
  • Resort to self-medication. Even non-prescription drugs, when taken in excess or unnecessarily, can damage the liver.
  • Eat junk foods and foods which are stripped off nutrients and filled with trans-fats, artificial preservatives, and sugar.
  • Indulge in illicit drug use. Also, refrain from sharing needles as this is one of the leading causes of hepatitis C.

 

 

 

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Coffee Enema: Turn your favorite morning beverage into a powerful colon cleanser The wonders of coffee are not just limited to waking you up every morning. You can now use…
Oxidative Stress: Understanding the most lethal phenomenon happening in your body right now Free radicals cause damage to the body, which is known as oxidation.  The amount of oxidation caused by…
Shilajit: A miracle Himalayan herb for an active and happy life The Himalayas contain more wonders than you thought. Shilajit is a miracle herb that is widely used in…
Anhedonia: Does the chronic inability to feel joy affect you too? How often do you feel dragged down by an invisible force? Do you feel an inexplicable emotional numbness…
biopsy procedure
Biopsy Biopsy is a procedure of studying a live tissue sample collected from a specific organ for diagnosing a…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) test Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme that is found in every cell of the body and it plays…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
rosacea-treatment--before-_-after
The best and safest ways to treat rosacea Rosacea is a skin disease that is characterized by reddish hives and rashes on the face. Read more…
General adaptation syndrome: Understanding stress, one step at a time The struggle of the body to produce hormones during a stressful situation is the main theme of general…
Thyroid disorders
Thyroid Profile Thyroid profile is a panel of blood tests performed to check if an individual is suffering from any…
APL IgM Test
Antiphospholipid Antibody(APL)-IgM test The antiphospholipid antibodies are specific protein in the body directed against the phospholipids. It is used to detect…
alcohol toxic
7 startling facts that will make you quit alcohol today Does drinking really make you friendly and happy? How many calories does a can of cold beer add…
helping friend with depression
Support and care tips for helping people with depression Read to find out what is depression, its causes and symptoms. Also check out the steps describing how…
Blood Disorders cancer
Immunotherapy immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts the body's immune system to identify the cancer cells and fight cancer.
Lung cancer xray
Lobectomy Lobectomy is a surgery where a lobe of the diseased lung is removed. It is mainly done to…
heartfail_2
Open Heart Surgery An open heart surgery is a major procedure performed to treat heart diseases like congenital heart problem, heart…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
BRAT Diet: What is the right way to follow this diarrhea-relieving diet? BRAT diet, a simple diet consisting of just bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast, can help you combat the…
lipoprotein A
Lipoprotein (A) Test Lipoprotein (A) test is used to measure and monitor the levels of LDL(Low-Density Lipoprotein) in the bloodstream in…
Tart Cherry: The healthiest excuse for taking that second serving of pie Tart cherry has been traditionally used in delectable desserts such as pies. Recent studies have revealed that its…
Vitamin K2: 8 reasons why you need this bone-building & cancer-fighting nutrient Vitamin K2 is claimed to be essential for your bone health, for reducing the risk of cancer, and…
Jack in the box fast food
Jack In the Box : The perils of surging fast food culture in the USA Jack in the Box - How a culture of fast-food can clog your arteries, weaken your heart, fatten…
anti ds dna test
Anti Ds-DNA antibody Test The  Anti Ds-DNA antibody test is used to diagnose the disease called lupus or more aptly the SLE(Systematic…
Ca 19.9 test
CA19.9 Test CA 19.9 is a cancer antigen that exists on the surface of cancer-causing cells. The levels of CA…
Vagus nerve: 7 health benefits of stimulating the “gut-brain” connection As a matter of fact, there are two vagus nerves namely the left and the right but is…
Chest X-Ray A chest x-ray is a diagnostic test that uses x-rays to visualize the structures inside your chest. It…
CLA: A breakthrough weight loss supplement with minimal side effects Tried every weight loss supplement in the market with no substantial gain? Why not try CLA supplements, derived…
HSV-1_IGG
Herpes Simplex Virus I (HSV)-IgG Test Herpes simplex virus I(HSV)-IgG is an Immunoglobulin protein that acts as an antibody & stays in the blood…
What is Qigong and how can it help you channelize you inner “Qi”? Qigong is an integrated way of performing a traditional exercise regimen that can help in promoting health, mental…
Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody (tTG) Test Transglutaminase is an enzyme present in our body and is involved in protein metabolism. A tTg test is…
6 arguments in favour of glucosamine and where can you find it Studies have shown that glucosamine works by preventing the breakdown of cartilage of the joints. This is usually…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
Cordyceps: How the Caterpillar fungus works as a proven cancer-shield Strange as it may sound, but cordyceps or "caterpillar fungus", a fungus variety native to the Himalayas may…
Bronchoscopy procedure
Bronchoscopy Bronchoscopy is a procedure where in a scope is inserted into the lung pathway to observe any growth…
Hydroquinone: Is it the best topical treatment for hyperpigmentation? Darkening of the skin due to high melanin levels is called hyperpigmentation.  Hydroquinone interferes with melanin production thus treating…
SIBO Diet: The important dos and don’ts of this gut-healing diet A SIBO diet is a diet that works by eliminating certain sugars from your diet and adding fibers…
Milk Thistle skin
Milk Thistle: Find possible cures for fatal diseases in these purple blooms Milk thistle is well-known for treating liver conditions. However, did you know that it comes with a plethora…
Tamarind: The top health benefits of this staple Asian ingredient Did you know this sweet and sour pulpy fruit does more than just add a tangy flavor to…
Hibiscus: Nourish your beauty and health with these vibrant blooms Hibiscus is a trumpet shaped flower found abundantly in tropical countries. It has been historically used for its…
Erythritol: A healthy sugar substitute or yet another marketing ploy? Erythritol is a popular choice of a healthy alternative sweetening agent in foods. But how healthy can a…
Trisodium Phosphate: How a paint thinner made its way into your breakfast Ever thought how toxic chemicals find their way into our foods? How can they harm our body? And…
folate test
Folate test The Folate test measures and monitors the levels of folic acid in the blood. This test is also…
Alp enzyme-test
ALP test – Alkaline Phosphate ALP or alkaline phosphate is an enzyme mainly produced by the liver and gallbladder. ALP test measures the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium chloride
Halotherapy: How inhaling salt can work wonders for your body Halotherapy is quickly gaining popularity amongst those with respiratory diseases. It has shown promise in its treatment.
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…

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