Capgras Syndrome


Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Understanding Capgras Syndrome

Capgras Syndrome is a rare mental health condition characterized by a distorted perception of reality on the part of the patient.  Those in the throes of this psychiatric disorder experience very typical delusions that the place of a friend, family member or even their spouse is taken over by an impostor. That is why Capgras syndrome is also called ‘Imposter Syndrome’

This is not a well-known disorder, yet it is important to take the symptoms seriously and get professional help.  Capgras syndrome can have a debilitating effect on a person’s life as well as that of their loved ones.

Named after French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras who diagnosed Capgras syndrome in 1923, it is still not easily understood and can be linked to many other underlying health conditions.  The neurological underpinnings have been unraveling only in the last couple of decades.

Definition – Capgras Syndrome

The branch of medicine defines Capgras Syndrome as a psychological condition in which the victim harbors an irrational idea/belief that a loved one has been supplanted by an imposter. Capgras syndrome, therefore, is classified under Delusional Misidentification Syndromes(DMSs).

It is also possible for people with this syndrome to believe that their pets are impostors as well. It may be an irrational belief for most but not for the person suffering from it. Although this condition can afflict anyone, statistics show that Capgras is more common in women than men.

What causes Capgras Syndrome?

There are several theories about the cause of this syndrome. Some researchers are of the opinion that Capgras syndrome may arise due to problems in the brain like cerebral dysfunction, atrophy or even lesions.

It could be a combination of cognitive and physical changes leading to a feeling of disconnection, according to many experts. Some others think that it could be a problem related to errors in perception, information processing, etc. which coincide with missing/damaged memories. According to a 2015 research study on Capgras Syndrome and hypothyroidism, hormonal imbalance seemed like a possible problem that could trigger this in conjunction with other cognitive issues.

Some of the overriding causes of Capgras Syndrome are

Dementia: Reportedly, Capgras Syndrome commonly occurs in people with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Since both of these conditions affect memory, they can also alter a victim’s sense of reality.

Schizophrenia: Episodes of Capgras is highly possible among those who suffer from schizophrenia combined with paranoid hallucinations.

Brain injury: In rare instances, lesions caused by brain injuries can also trigger Capgras syndrome. This is common in brain injuries that occur in the back of the brain, in the right hemisphere. This is the area in which facial recognition processing takes place.

Epilepsy: Victims of this condition may also experience symptoms of Capgras on a rare occasion.

Parkinson’s Disease: Patients battling Parkinson’s disease (PD) or other forms of neurodegenerative disorders such as Lewy body dementia (LBD) may portray psychosis and delusions much like symptoms of Capgras. This is especiallyso during advanced stages of PD and LBD. Emotional responses appear intense after seeing the faces of people very close to them.

Who is at risk of getting Capgras Syndrome?

Though it seems like more women than men have Capgras, it is quite possible for any person to suffer from it, regardless of age or gender. There have been rare instances of children suffering from Capgras syndrome as well.  Since it is quite uncommon, the statistics are given below offers an insight into the rates/percentages of people getting sick with this illness.

  • Nearly,1.3% of people around the world are diagnosed with the condition.
  • Reportedly, 1.8% of women and 0.9% of men in the general population have this disorder, diagnosed or not.

It is important to know that not everyone who has age-related memory loss or diseases will suffer from Capgras Syndrome; it is, however, one of the most common reasons for its occurrence. People who suffer from paranoid hallucinatory schizophrenia have the highest risk of getting sick with it.

Symptoms of Capgras Syndrome

Symptoms of this condition are baffling and disheartening for the affected as well as for the people around them. Unlike other mental health conditions that affect and even hamper normal life of a victim, someone with Capgras looks and behaves normally most of the time except around the person who they believe is the imposter.

Key symptomatic pointers are:

  • One obvious symptom is when a person begins to believe, their close/loved one is a doppelgänger or replaced by someone else. They will acknowledge that the “imposter” looks like the person they replace and they are able to see through their disguise. This causes a lot of stress and anxiety and as a result, a change in their behavior.
  • In the rare case, violence towards the “imposter” is quite likely but not always.
  • Fear, confusion, and anxiety are more likely to take place in the person with Capgras.
  • Obsessive behavior in the form of wanting to find the “real” person and exposing the “imposter” will likely take place. This may lead to additional stress, arguments, and anger between the affected person and those around him/her.

Types of Delusions and conditions related to Capgras Syndrome

Over the last 8 decades, mental health professionals are facing huge challenges with diagnosing and treating mental conditions involving delusions and misidentification. This has been mostly due to a lack of information or understanding that in turn, has presented issues to professionals in this area. Some other issues that are similar in nature and listed under the delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) are:

  • Fregoli Syndrome
  • Cotards’ Syndrome
  • Intermetamorphosis

Experts are still undecided about including DMS in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV).  In the last couple of decades, studies on brain imaging have indicated that patients with DMS do have identifiable brain lesions, especially in the frontoparietal region. Working memory deficits due to abnormal brain function has a huge role in DMS.

Complications of Capgras Syndrome

One cannot overrule a rare yet extremely dangerous complication of Capgras syndrome on victims that can jeopardize the safety of people close to them. Patients grappling with this illness can also turn homicidal on occasion and attack their own family members. It is good for caregivers/family members to comprehend the ramifications of this condition on the victims and perhaps even prepare for the worst.

Diagnosis of Capgras Syndrome

Diagnosing Capgras Syndrome is tricky as the symptoms are similar to other mental illnesses.  Another reason is that it is rare and not well understood.

Diagnosis is done primarily by evaluating a patient psychologically. Most often than not, family or friends of the patient are the ones who bring symptoms to a doctor’s attention – especially if they are the ones considered to be an imposter.

Treatment options for Capgras Syndrome

Capgras Syndrome is a condition that is just as painful for the victim as well as for their friends and family.  Understanding the condition and knowing that symptoms such as hallucinations, anxiety, and others can occur due to changes in the brain will help caregivers become more sympathetic.

Unfortunately, it is a condition with poor treatment options and overall outcomes. Currently, there are no set treatment plans for Capgras Syndrome. Research is still pending but, there are a few ways to relieve the symptoms of this illness. Doctors try to treat the underlying cause of Capgras Syndrome as far as possible.

Possible treatment methods include:

  • Mental health professionals address the underlying cause. For example, if a person with schizophrenia experiences symptoms that indicate Capgras Syndrome, medicating the patient for schizophrenia can definitely improve Capgras symptoms.
  • If Capgras occurs in a person with Alzheimer’s or dementia, then there are just a few treatment options.
  • The most effective way to treat a person is to create a happy and welcoming environment. It is important to make the victims feel safe and secure.
  • Another method is validation therapy that involves acknowledging the delusions and not rejecting them. This helps in reducing panic and anxiety that every person with Capgras syndrome experiences.
  • Doctors also prescribe drugs of the class, cholinesterase inhibitors that can boost the ability of neurotransmitters. This can improve patient outcomes in the area of memory and judgment
  • Anti-psychotic drugs, especially for victims of schizophrenia, can help alleviate typical Capgras symptoms.
  • Surgery in case of brain trauma or lesions can bring relief to symptoms of Capgras
  • Therapy is also a good treatment method. Therapists can help patients understand what is going on in their head and come to terms with it. Therapy plays a key role in helping patients work through their thoughts, ideas, etc. This is important as it helps them interact with people who are the cause of their distress as “impostors”.
  • Teaching patient new ways to communicate and interact with family and friends is an important step towards managing symptoms and may even help recover from this condition.
  • Taking care of Capgras Syndrome victims can be a challenge, physically and emotionally. This is even tougher if the person who is caring for the victim is thought to be an impostor.

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Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Make an effort to understand their reality and show empathy. This will offer an insight into their world and how terrifying it is for them.
  • Make them feel safe in their environment.
  • Keep open communication with patients.
  • Try and be positive while communicating with victims
  • If it is possible, make the “imposter” go away. If you are the “impostor” and the primary caregiver, hand over the responsibility to another person until the incident is resolved.
  • Ensure timely medical assistance this condition is causing more distress to a person already dealing with dementia or Alzheimer’s.
  • Employ sound as a cue to announce your presence.
  • Use tact in dealing with volatile behavior and work towards diffusing aggression
Don'ts
  • Startle them as it could trigger stress. Instead, call out to them and make sure they are aware of your presence whenever possible.
  • Argue or try to correct them – this is frustrating and can cause more anxiety, leading to a breakdown.
  • Tease or ridicule their fears. This may only worsen their symptoms.
  • Get temperamental with patients, even though they are tough to handle

 

 

 

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Anti-CCP Test – Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Anti-ccp or ACCP test is a blood test that is primarily employed to diagnose the onset of rheumatoid…
myelogram
Myelography Myelography is an important diagnostic tool that is used to investigate and identify abnormalities in the spine and…
amylase test
Amylase Test Amylase test is done by checking the level of this protein in the blood sample and also in…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
leptospira Igm test
Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
sleep deprivation
Don’t let your sleep deficit grow into memory loss or heart attack Why is sleep important for us? How could sleep deprivation harm you? We bet you didn't know about…
biotin for hair
Biotin: One-stop-shop for shiny hair and an active body! What is common to bananas, eggs, sweet potatoes, and liver? These are delicious and rich in biotin ;…
Shilajit: A miracle Himalayan herb for an active and happy life The Himalayas contain more wonders than you thought. Shilajit is a miracle herb that is widely used in…
Psyllium Husk: More than just an effective natural laxative Psyllium husk, or isabgol, is a popular natural laxative . But did you in addition to regulating bowels,…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
GERD heartburn
Heartburn: What are the exact symptoms and the best home remedies? There are easy home remedies for heartburn, which not only acts as a first aid when you experience…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Barium-enema
Barium Enema Barium enema is also known as colon x-ray. Here, the patient is asked to consume small amount of…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
CEA_test
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test CEA or carcinoembryonic test detects the presence of CEA antigen in your blood mainly & determines the effectiveness…
Hymenoplasty
Hymenoplasty Read on to find out all about hymenoplasty, the procedure, post-surgery care, the risks, and the benefits.
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
ashwagandha brain
Ashwagandha: The best-kept secret of Ayurveda now revealed! Ashwagandha literally means "smell of horse". Don't get bogged down by that one tiny detail because this ayurveduic…
Salt dangers
Sodium chloride: The wonders and dangers of the simple table salt Sodium chloride is a salt containing sodium and chlorine ions at a 1:1 ratio. It is edible and…
Bromelain: 11 reasons why you should start adding pineapple to your pizza! If you didn't love pineapples already, here are some of the top health benefits that bromelain can bring…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
Are you sure you are drinking enough water? Everyone says, drink 8 glasses of water per day. But how much truth is there in this rule…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…

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