Psoriasis

PSORIASIS itching

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview

Psoriasis is a common skin disorder thought to be caused by an erratic immune response. In it, patches of the skin become inflamed and develop scales along with raised plaques. Patients generally experience flare-ups triggered by factors such as stress, infection or even certain medications. The signs of psoriasis may be limited to a certain area or distributed throughout the body. This disorder is not contagious and cannot be spread from one person to another.

 

Definition

PSORIASIS nailPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. Medically, it is known as a papulosquamous disorder.

This means that it causes the formation of red scales and raised lesions on the skin. Psoriasis is believed to be connected with an abnormal immune response.

This disease can arise at any age and is known to strike in infancy as well as old age.

It usually affects the knees, elbows and the scalp although it can appear in other areas such as the ankles, soles of the feet and nails as well.As many one-third of those suffering from psoriasis may also have psoriatic arthritis. This involves inflammation and pain in the joints.

 

Causes

Cell turnover rate of the skin is the amount of time the skin takes to create new cells and renew itself. In patients with psoriasis, this process is abnormally rapid. New skin cells build up quickly and push through to the surface before the uppermost layers have worn out. This causes the formation of skin lesions or sores. Psoriasis is believed to be caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy cells of the body. This is attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors and triggers are listed below:

  • Genetic predisposition.
  • Taking certain medications such as beta blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • Psoriasis can be aggravated by discontinuing the use of topical steroids.
  • Certain kinds of infections such as strep throat and yeast infections.
  • Sunburn.
  • Stress.
  • Seasonal changes.
  • Smoking.
  • Alcohol abuse.
  • Obesity.
  • Excessive sweating.
  • Onset is most likely between the ages of 15 to 20 and later between the ages of 55 to 60 years.

 

Symptoms

PSORIASIS scalpPsoriasis mainly causes the skin to develop scaly rashes and raised red plaques.

These features are found to be bilaterally and symmetrically distributed.

There are multiple variants of psoriasis and each type is associated with a specific pattern of symptoms.

The list below includes indications of most types of psoriasis and is not specific to any single type:

 

Types of Psoriasis

Several types of psoriasis are recognized. It is possible for a single individual to experience more than one of these types although only one is likely to be present at any given time. These types are enumerated below along with brief descriptions:

  • Plaque psoriasis: This is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of instances of psoriasis. Typically, this involves the formation of reddish, raised plaques with silvery scales in the center. These areas may itch or even burn. Usually, these lesions tend to appear in the elbows, knees, and scalp.
  • Pustular psoriasis: As the name indicates, this type is characterized by the formations of pustules or pus-filled bumps. There may also be some scaling on the palms and soles. This condition is known to be triggered by ultraviolet exposure, certain medications, and even pregnancy. Sometimes it is triggered by infection or stress. The pustules may be localized to a specific area but they can also occur throughout the body. The latter form is severe and produces fever, chills, elevated heart rate and nausea.
  • Guttate psoriasis: Patients tend to be younger at onset. In fact, this form of the disease can arise in children and can be triggered by upper airway infections such as tonsillitis. Certain medications can also act as triggers. Sometimes this is short-lived but in other cases, it may persist for longer.
  • Flexural psoriasis: This type is characterized by the absence of scales. Instead, the patient will have smooth patches of inflammation on the skin. This is sometimes triggered by a yeast infection. It can affect areas such as the armpits, groin and the skin folds beneath the breasts and around the genitals. This can be aggravated by an accumulation of sweat in these areas.
  • Erythroderma: This is the least prevalent type. It produces red rashes throughout the body and these are accompanied by severe itching and swelling around the ankles. There is also extensive shedding of skin instead of small scales.
  • Nail psoriasis: The nails become separated from the nail bed and typically develop pitting and discoloration. There may be an accumulation of yellow, keratinous deposits under the nails. Nail-related symptoms are more common in those who have psoriatic arthritis.
  • Psoriatic arthritis: About 30% of those with psoriasis will also develop joint-related symptoms. This is known as psoriatic arthritis and typically involves pain or tenderness in the joints, swelling, stiffness, and fatigue. There may also be inflammation in other parts of the body such as the eyes.

 

Clinical Complications

PSORIASIS itchingThe following is a list of possible complications:

  • Having psoriasis makes it more likely that the patient may also develop certain other medical problems. These include cardiovascular disease, certain forms of cancer, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
  • Psoriatic arthritis can lead to permanent and debilitating joint damage.
  • There is a greater likelihood of developing eye-related problems such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.
  • Elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
  • Heightened risk of developing metabolic syndrome.
  • Increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
  • Increased risk of kidney-related disease.
  • Psoriasis is a distressing and disfiguring condition. Thus, patients may suffer from embarrassment and may avoid socializing in order to avoid revealing their skin condition. This can lead to depression and isolation.

 

Diagnosis

The process of diagnosis may be as follows:

  • Medical history is assessed for signs of illness or medications that may have a bearing on the skin disorder.
  • Physical examination of the skin sores and nails.
  • Biopsy of skin samples helps determine the specific type of psoriasis.

 

Treatment and prevention

Treatment 

  • Phototherapy – Here your skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays or any source of light to help reduce the symptoms.
  • Pills – Pills like acitretin, cyclosporine, methotrexate etc. may help. These pills are given to those suffering from moderate to severe psoriasis as the side effects can be very harsh and your doctor may need to keep an eye on you.
  • Biologic drugs – These help psoriasis if other drugs do not help enough. They seem to have fewer side effects as well. They work by suppressing the immune system hence serious infections and even cancer are risks, though very rare.

Prevention – Psoriasis cannot be prevented, but treatment can help reduce the symptoms, even if the condition is severe.

Certain risk factors can contribute to the development of psoriasis.

  • Stress – Though stress is not a cause of psoriasis, it can increase the symptoms and frequency.
  • Skin injury – Psoriasis can occur in places of recent trauma to the skin like vaccination spots, animal bits, tattoos etc.
  • Family history – If a single parent has been diagnosed with psoriasis, there is a 10% chance of passing it on to their child. In case both the parents have psoriasis, there is a 50% chance of passing it down to their children.
  • Medications – According to the national psoriasis association, certain medicines can cause psoriasis.
  • Obesity – Friction and sweating that occurs in deep skin folds of people with excess weight can lead to psoriasis.
  • Tobacco – Smoking doubles the chances of developing psoriasis. The risk increases based on the number of cigarettes smoked per day. This is higher in men compared to women.
  • Alcohol – Consuming alcohol is associated with psoriasis in men. It is also believed that drinking alcohol can increase the symptoms of psoriasis as it affects the liver and may trigger the growth of Candida (a type of yeast that can worsen psoriasis symptoms)
  • Cold temperature – The extreme cold and dryness pulls the moisture out of the skin and can worsen and or cause psoriasis.

 

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Apply moisturizer. Dry skin is more susceptible to psoriasis outbreaks.
  • Get some sun. Psoriasis lesions are said to often diminish under ultraviolet rays.
  • Take a soak. Soak in warm (not hot) water for 15 minutes, as this helps reduce the itching, irritation and inflammation caused by psoriasis.
Don'ts
  • Some patients’ symptoms are said to worsen due to stress.
  • Overdo it. Psoriasis is said to get worse as patients are unable to resist the urge to itch lesions.
  • Use hot water and hard soaps. They are said to make the symptoms worse.

 

 

 

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Rubella IgM Test The Rubella IgM test is a blood test that is performed to diagnose the presence of the rubella…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
leptospira Igm test
Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
blood ketone test
Blood Ketone (D3HB) Test The Blood Ketone Test measures and monitors the levels of ketone in the blood which is usually performed…
Hymenoplasty
Hymenoplasty Read on to find out all about hymenoplasty, the procedure, post-surgery care, the risks, and the benefits.
hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
Dragon Fruit – Blessing from Nature’s Basket Dragon fruit is packed with nutrients but low on calories. It is the dream food that can help…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
How to correctly perform nasal irrigation using a Neti Pot? Neti pot has been a part of Ayurveda since centuries. This ancient tool is extremely effective in treating…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
Quinine: How gin and tonic came to be known as a potent health elixir The discovery of quinine-containing tree bark is sometimes considered the most serendipitous medical discovery of the 17th century.
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
Bloodtestalbumin
Albumin Test Albumin test or blood serum test is a liver function test that measures the amount of the protein…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
Urologist: When should you visit one and why? A urologist can treat not only genitourinary problems of both men and women but also can treat various…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
Strep throat pain
Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
Period sanitary napkin-menstruaion-blood-colors
Period blood – what it says about your health Your period blood color and consistency indicate what is happening in your body. Is your blood bright red…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
Agave nectar: The bitter truth about this sweetener revealed Agave nectar is considered to be sweeter than the normal table sugar and even contains higher amounts of…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
hemoglobin variant analysis
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis Hemoglobin variant analysis is a blood test that is used to detect the presence of hemoglobin variants which…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
lose weight fast
12 easy and instant steps to successful weight loss Do you want to lose weight without losing your mind? Does weight loss always mean saying goodbye to…

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