Epididymitis


Last Updated December 20th, 2021

What is causing pain in the groin region?

Inflammation of the epididymis, which is a long coiled tube that stores and transports sperm from the testes is called epididymitis.  This can cause pain and swelling in the testes.  It generally affects men in the age group of 14 and 35 but can affect men of all ages.  A sexually transmitted infection or a bacterial infection can cause this problem.

There are two types of epididymitis called acute epididymitis and chronic epididymitis.  Acute epididymitis occurs suddenly and this condition can last for six weeks.  It is also associated with severe pain.  Chronic epididymitis occurs slowly over time and can last for more than six weeks.  The pain associated with this condition is comparatively milder.  A condition where the testes are inflamed is called orchitis.  When both the epididymis and the testes are inflamed together, it is called epididymo-orchitis.

Symptoms of epididymitis

Redness and swelling in the testes are not noticed until it is accompanied by pain.  Epididymitis can cause a significant amount of pain and warmth in the testes.  Pain may involve either one or both the testes.  Other symptoms may include fever, chills, enlarged testicles, testicles become sensitive to touch, pain radiating from testes to the abdomen or pelvis, burning sensation while passing urine, frequent urge to pass urine, blood in the urine, discharge from the penis, as well as fluid build-up around the testicles causing a lump.

The symptoms of epididymitis may highly depend on the cause.  If it is caused due to sexually transmitted infection, you may experience discharge from the penis.  Frequency and urgency of urination associated with burning upon urination may occur when the cause is from urinary tract infection.  Another condition called testicular torsion where the blood supply is cut off due to twisting of the testicle can also cause pain in the testes.  This is a more serious condition where surgical treatment is required.

Causes

The bacterial infection caused either by sexually transmitted infection or through urinary tract infection are the two main causes of epididymitis.  It has been found that the infection generally starts in the prostate, bladder, or the urethra.  The two main causes of epididymitis are discussed below:

Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

Unprotected sex with multiple partners is considered to be the main cause of epididymitis related to STI.  It has been estimated that a maximum number of cases of epididymitis are generally related to STI and is very rarely caused by other infections.

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

UTI accounts to a minimal number of cases causing epididymitis.  Children and older men are usually affected.  Some of the risk factors that cause UTI include enlarged prostate that can be pressing on the bladder, insertion of the catheter into the penis due to kidney problems, as well as surgery affecting the bladder, groin, or the prostate gland.  Some of the other causes of epididymitis in children include injury to the region, abnormal twisting of the epididymis, as well as urine flowing back into the epididymis.  These bacterial infections generally spread from the urethra or bladder.

Other causes of epididymitis

Several other medical conditions can cause epididymitis and these include mumps, Behcet disease, tuberculosis, medication side effects from amiodarone, anatomical problems of the urinary tract, injury to the groin, as well as congenital problems related to the kidney and the bladder.

Diagnosis

Finding the cause of the symptom would be the first thing your doctor would concentrate on.  The doctor would inquire about your medical history to understand the cause.  This will be followed by a thorough physical examination.  Next, a urine sample will be collected to look for the presence of bacteria.

When a patient is suffering from acute epididymitis, the urine is generally infected whereas during chronic epididymitis, urine is not infected.  If the infection has affected the urethra, a swab test may be conducted from the urethra.  An ultrasound imaging may be required to check for blood flow in the epididymis as well as the structure of the testes.  Further tests may be required depending on the severity of the symptom.  Once a diagnosis is made, appropriate treatment will be started.

Treatment

Treatment of acute epididymitis is started with a course of antibiotics.  The antibiotic course may include a course lasting 1-2 week.  The appropriate antibiotic is determined based on the bacteria found in the urine test.  A severe case of epididymitis may require admission to the hospital.  Symptoms of fever, vomiting, as well as severe pain together, would warrant hospital admission.

Severe pain may require a prescription of narcotics for a few days.  Tuberculosis epididymitis is considered to be a very severe case but occurs rarely.  Anti-tuberculous drugs are used to treat this condition.  A very serious case might require a surgery where the teste and the epididymis may need to be removed.

Epididymitis caused by medication side effect such as amiodarone is treated by stopping the drug altogether.  Other types of non-infectious epididymitis do not have any specific treatment.

Additional care needs to be rendered for at least 1–2 days by elevating the scrotum in a lying down position.  When the scrotum area is above the heart, it helps the blood to flow adequately to the area and reduce the symptoms of swelling and pain.  Icing the area every couple of hours can relieve the symptoms.

Extra fluids would be helpful if the epididymitis is caused due to an infection.  Anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to ease the pain.  The drugs also help reduce the swelling around the testes.

Treatment for chronic epididymitis is mainly accomplished with the use of pain medications and applying heat to the area.  As discussed earlier, pain associated with chronic epididymitis is generally mild and is not as severe as acute epididymitis.

Recovery

Acute epididymitis would require at least a couple of days for the swelling and pain to subside.  Once the antibiotics kick in, the symptoms would gradually decrease.  Persistence of pain and swelling after 48 hours of initiation of treatment needs to be reported to the doctor for further assistance.  Overall discomfort may last for several weeks after the course of antibiotics is completed.

Complete bed rest with elevation of the scrotum can result in fast recovery.  Tuberculous epididymitis which is the most severe form of epididymitis and needs several months to heal with medicine.  There is a high possibility that the testes may shrink after treatment and also result in reduced sperm production.  Epididymitis caused by medication side effects gets better with the cessation of the drug.  Regular follow up with the healthcare provider is important to check for any abnormalities and recurrence.

Chronic epididymitis symptoms would reduce substantially with the use of heat and pain medications.  There is always a high chance of recurrence and may even take months to years for it to recur.  Symptoms once recur may sometimes be better or even worse than the first episode.  Certain cases of chronic epididymitis may also require surgery which is quite rare.  If surgery has been done, the recovery time would generally be around a couple of weeks.  Depending on the condition, your healthcare provider may also suggest microsurgery to block nerves on the spermatic cord.

Final thoughts

Majority of acute epididymitis cases are successfully treated using suitable antibiotics.  The prognosis is generally good and may not cause any long-term sexual or reproductive problems.  There is a high possibility that the infection may return in the future and also cause some complications but is usually rare.  Seeking treatment right away is important to prevent complications.  The complete course of antibiotics should be completed for the symptoms to cure.  Regular follow up visits are needed after the treatment.  Following these directions will help ensure that you make a complete recovery.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Maintain healthy hygiene.
  • Seek immediate medical care at the first sign of pain in the groin area.
  • Complete the course of antibiotics.
  • Add anti-inflammatory foods to your diet.
Don'ts
  • Delay treatment.
  • Stop medications abruptly.
  • Maintain unhealthy hygiene.
  • Eat unhealthy foods.

 

 

 

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Blood Ketone (D3HB) Test The Blood Ketone Test measures and monitors the levels of ketone in the blood which is usually performed…
Hymenoplasty
Hymenoplasty Read on to find out all about hymenoplasty, the procedure, post-surgery care, the risks, and the benefits.
hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
oral hygiene tips
6 shocking consequences of bad oral hygiene (and how to avoid them) Did you know bad breath is not just turning off, but also harms your body in ways you…
Dragon Fruit – Blessing from Nature’s Basket Dragon fruit is packed with nutrients but low on calories. It is the dream food that can help…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
How to correctly perform nasal irrigation using a Neti Pot? Neti pot has been a part of Ayurveda since centuries. This ancient tool is extremely effective in treating…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
Quinine: How gin and tonic came to be known as a potent health elixir The discovery of quinine-containing tree bark is sometimes considered the most serendipitous medical discovery of the 17th century.
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
Bloodtestalbumin
Albumin Test Albumin test or blood serum test is a liver function test that measures the amount of the protein…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
Urologist: When should you visit one and why? A urologist can treat not only genitourinary problems of both men and women but also can treat various…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
Strep throat pain
Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
Period sanitary napkin-menstruaion-blood-colors
Period blood – what it says about your health Your period blood color and consistency indicate what is happening in your body. Is your blood bright red…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
Agave nectar: The bitter truth about this sweetener revealed Agave nectar is considered to be sweeter than the normal table sugar and even contains higher amounts of…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
hemoglobin variant analysis
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis Hemoglobin variant analysis is a blood test that is used to detect the presence of hemoglobin variants which…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula
lose weight fast
12 easy and instant steps to successful weight loss Do you want to lose weight without losing your mind? Does weight loss always mean saying goodbye to…

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