Ectopic Pregnancy

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY pain

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

How Does Pregnancy Normally Occur?

In order for a woman to become pregnant, at least one of her ovaries must release a mature ovum. This ovum then remains in the fallopian tube for some time while it awaits fertilization. If it is successfully fertilized by a sperm during this time, the fertilized ovum will eventually move into the uterus and become implanted in the endometrial lining of the uterus which has become thickened with blood in anticipation of this very event. Once it has become implanted in the uterine endometrium and barring any subsequent complications, the embryo will then continue to grow until it is delivered through the birth canal. This is how a normal or uterine pregnancy takes place.

 

What Is An Ectopic Pregnancy?

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY fertilizationJust as the embryo becomes implanted within the uterine cavity, it is perfectly possible for it to become implanted in another location altogether. Such pregnancies are known as ectopic pregnancies. The most common site for implantation outside the uterus is the fallopian tube. However, it is not unheard of for the embryo to become implanted in locations such as the ovary, fimbriae, cervix and even the abdomen. Such pregnancies do not always produce symptoms but can be very painful when they do.

 

Under What Conditions Does This Happen? What Are The Risk Factors?

Any woman of childbearing age could potentially suffer an ectopic pregnancy. The underlying causes for this are not well understood. However, there are a number of well-recognized risk factors. The list below enumerates some of these risk factors:

  • The risk increases with the age of the woman.
  • Smoking.
  • Having a history of ectopic pregnancy raises the risk of suffering a repeat.
  • Any factors that hinder the movement of the ovum through the fallopian tube. This includes tubal ligation for prevention of pregnancy or even certain contraceptives that can affect the character of the fallopian tube, making it difficult for the ovum to travel into the uterus and thus, increasing the probability of implantation within the tube itself. In general, any condition like surgery or infection that gives rise to inflammation, scarring, obstruction or damage in the fallopian tube can increase the probability of developing an ectopic pregnancy.
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most common risk factors.
  • Sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia.
  • Endometriosis.
  • Presence of scars from surgery in the pelvic area. Examples of such procedures include a Caesarean section for a previous pregnancy or an appendectomy.
  • Having a history of procedures such as dilation and curettage for abortion, miscarriage or other reasons.
  • Using assisted reproductive techniques or fertility drugs can increase the likelihood of developing an ectopic pregnancy. In fact, such methods increase the likelihood of developing what a ‘heterotopic’ pregnancy which is otherwise extremely rare in nature. In such instances, one embryo may implant in the uterus while the other implants elsewhere.
  • When pregnancy occurs despite using contraceptive measures such as intrauterine devices.
  • Having a medical condition or a birth defect that affects the structure or shape of organs like the fallopian tubes.
  • Some studies have found that women are more likely to suffer ectopic pregnancies in their first pregnancy as compared to subsequent ones.

 

How Can I Identify An Ectopic Pregnancy?

In most cases, women are usually not aware that they have developed ectopic pregnancies. In instances where symptoms are present, they are usually non-specific and the actual cause is only clearly identifiable after performing some tests. An ectopic pregnancy may also share some of the typical symptoms of a normal uterine pregnancy or even a miscarriage. Generally, symptoms manifest between 4 to 8 weeks following the last menstrual bleeding. Here are some of the indications to look out for:

 

What Are The Different Kinds Of Ectopic Pregnancy?

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY typesThe fertilized ovum could implant in any of a number of possible locations outside of the uterus, giving rise to a variety of possible ectopic pregnancies as the list below will briefly explain:

  • Tubal Pregnancy: This is the most common form of ectopic pregnancy, wherein the embryo becomes implanted anywhere along the length of the fallopian tube. Depending on which particular section of the fallopian tube is involved, a tubal pregnancy can be of the following types: fimbrial, ampullary, isthmic or interstitial.
  • Ovarian Pregnancy: The embryo becomes implanted in the ovary.
  • Cervical Pregnancy: The embryo becomes implanted in the cervical canal.
  • Abdominal Pregnancy: In such instances, implantation occurs within the abdominal region. For example, the embryo may attach itself to the bowels. This form of ectopic pregnancy represents a greater risk to the mother’s life than other types. However, in very rare instances, live fetuses have been successfully delivered via laparotomy or Caesarean section.
  • Caesarean Scar Pregnancy: This is extremely rare. Here, implantation takes place in the scar from prior Caesarean section procedures.

 

What Are The Complications Of Ectopic Pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancies may terminate spontaneously. If they do not, they can endanger the life of the mother and even lead to death. This is so because, apart from the uterus, no other site is conducive or properly equipped for the demands of pregnancy, barring exceptional circumstances. An ectopic pregnancy can also negatively impact the mother’s fertility in the future.

If an ectopic pregnancy does progress (which is more likely than spontaneous termination) it could potentially lead to a rupture of the fallopian tube or uterus (as in the case of a Caesarean scar pregnancy). These are medical emergencies and will require immediate hospitalization and surgical intervention.

 

What Does Diagnosis Involve?

  • Medical history, specifically with regard to previous pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages, surgeries or fertility treatments.
  • Physical examination.
  • Tests for sexually transmitted infections.
  • Pregnancy test which usually involves a blood test to look for the presence of the human chorionic gonadotropin and to assess the level of progesterone.
  • Transvaginal ultrasonography.
  • Laparoscopy.

 

The Diagnosis Was Positive. What Should I Do?

ECTOPIC PREGNANCY painIf an ectopic pregnancy is not detected timely, it can be life-threatening. Once it has been diagnosed, the ectopic tissues need to be removed immediately. This can be done by one of the following methods:

  • Medication: If the bleeding is not too severe, drugs such as methotrexate can be prescribed to dissolve the ectopic tissue.
  • Laparoscopy: This is used to view the ectopic tissues and the surrounding tubal areas. After this, the ectopic tissues are removed or repaired depending upon the severity of the condition.
  • Salpingectomy: If the bleeding is too severe and sudden, emergency surgery is the only sure shot way to avoid further complications. If the fallopian tube has been ruptured extensively, it is removed by a procedure called salpingectomy.

While there are no sure shot ways to gain 100% from ectopic pregnancies, the following methods can help mitigate the risk of developing one:

  • Maintain good reproductive health.
  • Practice safe sex. Limit the number of sexual partners.
  • Always use a condom.
  • Go for regular gynecological check-ups to ensure that you are STD-free.
  • Refrain from any form of tobacco consumption.

 

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Protect yourself from STDs by practicing safe sex.
  • Be extra careful of the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy of you have already experienced one in the past and/or are undergoing IVF.
Don'ts
  • Ignore the symptoms of any sexually transmitted infection such as abnormal vaginal discharge/bleeding.
  • Indulge in smoking or any form of tobacco consumption.

 

 

 

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CEA_test
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avocado benefits
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ashwagandha brain
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Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
Experts reveal the safest ways to perform an enema at home The idea of pushing some up your rectal area might make you queasy but an enema could actually…
fructosamine test
Fructosamine Test A fructosamine test measures blood sugar glucose content. Fructosamine level can indicate blood sugar level in past 2-3…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
Okra: How can this nutrient-dense vegetable help you fight diabetes? Okra is a food which is rich in nutrients and minerals which are extremely essential for a healthy…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
stress depressed anxiety
Are you depressed or just stressed? Know when to see a doctor Why are some people more anxious than others? Is being depressed the same as feeling sad? Have you…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
xylitol gum
Xylitol : Is this the right sugar substitute for you? Discovered during World War 2 owing to sugar shortage, xylitol has become a common name in pharamaceutical industry.…
black seed oil benefits
Black Seed Oil: What secret benefits could it bestow on your health? Black seeds or nigella seeds are tiny packets of health brimming with amazing benefits. Find out why should…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
gallbladder diet tomato
Gallbladder surgery :Tips on post-operative care and diet What to eat post a gallbladder surgery? What are the key things to avoid if you had a…
Are you sure you are drinking enough water? Everyone says, drink 8 glasses of water per day. But how much truth is there in this rule…
Green, brown, & bitter: The instant advantages of including fenugreek in your diet Did you know the earliest usage of fenugreek can be traced back to the Egyptian civilization? Find out…
How can Kegels help you overcome weak pelvic muscles & incontinence? Kegel exercises are pelvic floor strengthening exercises that can help you overcome incontinence issues that rise out of…

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