Muscle pain

Muscle pain woman

Last Updated December 20th, 2021

Overview of muscle pain

Overstress and strain affect half the population in recent times and give rise to several clinical symptoms. Muscle pain is one of the leading causes of disability around the world at present. Earlier it was believed to be associated with old age. But now, even children and young adults have become victims of muscle pain.

 

What is muscle pain?

Muscle pain armsMuscle pain or “myofascial” pain is a pathological condition in which inflammation of the body’s soft tissues or connective tissues that covers the muscles occurs, causing extreme pain and stiffness.

This pain might affect a single muscle or a group of muscles.

In this condition, a pressure exerted on the sensitive points or trigger points in muscles causes pain at the site of the trigger or at some point remote from the source of pain.

 

What causes muscle pain?

Muscle pain accounts for nearly 60-70% of the middle and lower back pain cases in patients worldwide. To determine the exact cause of muscle pain, the medical history of the patient must be studied thoroughly. Few main causes of muscle pain are listed below-

  • Injured muscle fibers (due to external agents)
  • Carrying excess load
  • Mechanical trauma (might affect the Central Nervous System)
  • Continuous repetitive motions especially during rigorous physical activities (Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome)
  • Complete lack of activity (due to some other existing condition such as broken limbs)
  • Extreme fatigue due to workload or physical exertion (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome)
  • Limited flow of blood under certain conditions (claudication)
  • Bacterial or Viral infections such as Influenza
  • Diseases of the thyroid gland (Hypothyroidism)
  • Arthritic conditions
  • Defective sleeping positions
  • Abnormalities in muscle metabolism (due to hormonal imbalance or disturbed blood circulation)
  • Emotional stress
  • Few toxic chemicals released by the body such as Cytokines or the ones present in the environment like lead (in industrial areas)
  • Past diseases or surgeries
  • Excess alcohol or tobacco intake which causes disrupted blood flow (due to constricted blood vessels)
  • Poor postures like bending for a long time (due to occupational hazards)
  • Diet deficient in iron and Vitamin D

 

Mechanism of muscle pain

Muscle pains are mainly triggered by activation of sensory receptors called nociceptors. These receptors are sensitive to pain stimuli such as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or low tissue pH. The spinal sensory neurons are oversensitized on receiving impulses from the stimulated nociceptors. This induces the pain mechanism in the spot of the trigger or at a remote location.

 

What are the symptoms of muscle pain?

Muscle painMuscle pains are overlooked in the initial stages due to less severity of the symptoms. With slow progress of the disease, the following symptoms are manifested-

  • Stiffness and swelling in different parts of the body
  • Tenderness and numbness in hands and feet
  • Joint pains
  • Chest pain and discomfort
  • Chronic headaches
  • Frequent mood fluctuations
  • Disturbed sleep cycle
  • Anxiety and fatigue
  • Abdominal pain and loss of appetite
  • Dehydrated feeling
  • Digestive disorders
  • Extremely sensitive to the change of temperature
  • Occasional dizziness

 

What are the types of muscle pain?

Muscle pain may be categorized into different types based on the region of occurrence, the cause of occurrence and degree of pain. Based on the region of manifestation, muscle pains may be of four types-

  • Local pain: Local muscle pain and tenderness can be attributed to Transient Receptor Potential (TRP), inflammation of ligaments or joints (Enthesitis). This is usually manifested as the formation of a tight band associated with painful muscular spasm.
  • Projected Pain: It is caused by irritation or lesion formation in a spinal nerve and is usually confined to the territory of the nerve attacked. For example, a shooting pain is perceived down the ulnar side of forearm and hand when the ulnar nerve at the elbow is triggered.
  • Referred pain: The pressure exerted on the peripheral source of pain may reproduce the pain. This is known as “referred pain”. It has a diffusive nature. Misperception of this pain occurs in many cases. For example, one can misinterpret the pain that arises from active TRPs in the muscles of the lower right portion of the abdomen as appendicitis.
  • Central pain: Lesions in Central Nervous System (CNS) or peripheral lesions are responsible for central pain.

According to the nature of pain, muscle pains can be of the following types-

  • Muscle Spasms: It occurs after sudden contraction of a single or a group of muscles. It has three subtypes- Flexor Spasms, Extensor Spasms, Adductor Spasms.
  • Muscle Spasticity: An increase in tendon reflex activity leads to muscle stiffness in this disease. This can inhibit the performance of the skeletal muscles.
  • Muscle stiffness: It causes a delay in muscle relaxation and can gradually cause difficulties in movements of hands and fingers.

There is yet another etiological classification which is discussed below-

  • Muscular Dystrophy: It arises from genetic diseases. It leads to gradual weakness and deterioration of skeletal muscles that take part in voluntary movements.
  • Muscle Dystonia: It causes an abnormal delay in muscle relaxation after tightening or shortening of a muscle during some activity.
  • Fibromyalgia: The main characteristics are, excessive body pain, extreme fatigue, and mental instability.

             

Diagnosis of muscle pain

Simulation of two trigger points can help in the diagnosis of muscle pain. These are-

  • Active trigger point: It is an area of extreme touch sensitivity. It is the region of localized pain.
  • Latent trigger point: It is an inactive zone which can act as a trigger point, causing restricted muscular movement.

 

Treatment & Prevention

Muscle pain womanThe first course of treatment for aching muscles is RICE – Rest, Ice, Compression, & Elevation. One can also opt for OTC painkiller medicines such as ibuprofen. If the muscle pain lasts for 1-3 days, use a cold compress. For any muscular pain that lingers for more than 3 days, use heat (heating pads, warm baths etc). If the muscle pain persists for a longer time and doesn’t subside with these home remedies, one should refer to a doctor immediately. Other situations where a doctor should be consulted are:

  • Muscle pain is accompanied by a rash or after a tick bite.
  • There is no clear cause.
  • There is a pain in the muscles after a change in medications.
  • Difficulty in breathing, stiff neck, or unexplained onset of water retention.

You can prevent muscles aches by following these simple guidelines:

  • Always remember to warm-up before exercising or beginning any sporting activity. Similarly, incorporating a cool-down routine after the physical exercise.
  • Drink ample amount of water. Dehydration often causes muscles to cramp.
  • Refrain from following a highly sedentary lifestyle. Include healthy doses of exercise in your daily routine.
  • Maintain the right posture while sitting, sleeping, and standing.
  • Take sufficient rest after physically strenuous exercises.
  • Avoid indulging in activities that require repetitive movements.
  • Instead of sticking to one kind of exercise, including a variety of activities in your fitness routine.

 

Dos and Don'ts

Dos
  • Light stretching exercises are good for muscle pain. Do remember to warm-up and cool-down along with your exercising/sports routines.
  • NSAIDs are great for temporary relief.
  • If the muscle pain is a result of vigorous exercise or strength training then juices rich in anti-oxidants such as cherry juice can help recover faster.
Don'ts
  • Follow bad posture while sitting, sleeping, and sleeping.
  • Apply heat/ take hot showers every time you have muscle pain. The heat can worsen the inflammation in many cases. Using cold packs is the better option.

 

 

 

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Amylase Test Amylase test is done by checking the level of this protein in the blood sample and also in…
anoscopy
Anoscopy Anoscopy is an invasive diagnostic procedure where a small device known as anoscope will be inserted in the…
Rubella IgM test
Rubella IgM Test The Rubella IgM test is a blood test that is performed to diagnose the presence of the rubella…
antiHEV IgM test
Anti hepatitis E virus (Anti HEV) IgM Test Anti HEV IgM test determines the level of the IgM antibodies in the blood, The disease is often…
leptospira Igm test
Leptospira-IgM Test A Leptospira-IgM test is a blood test which is carried out to detect anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis is…
iron deficiency profile
Iron Deficiency Profile An iron deficiency profile is a battery of blood tests which are performed in order to determine the…
Diabetes blood test
Diabetic Profile The diabetic profile is a set of tests used for testing and monitoring the various kinds of Diabetes…
Hymenoplasty
Hymenoplasty Read on to find out all about hymenoplasty, the procedure, post-surgery care, the risks, and the benefits.
Dragon Fruit – Blessing from Nature’s Basket Dragon fruit is packed with nutrients but low on calories. It is the dream food that can help…
How can berberine supplements help you live longer and healthier? Berberine is a turmeric look-alike herbal extract that is credited with numerous health benefits ranging from diabetes cure…
Urologist: When should you visit one and why? A urologist can treat not only genitourinary problems of both men and women but also can treat various…
The Cabbage Soup Diet: The healthiest way to instant weight loss Cabbage soup diet rapid weight loss diet for those who want to shed those extra pounds in less…
Quinine: How gin and tonic came to be known as a potent health elixir The discovery of quinine-containing tree bark is sometimes considered the most serendipitous medical discovery of the 17th century.
Inhale oxygen, exhale worries: The top breathing exercises and how to perform them Performing the breathing exercise is like becoming mindful of how you breathe.  Here is a list of breathing…
GGt test
GGT – Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Test GGT or gammaglutamyl transferase test is a liver function test that is used to detect the extent of…
LFT-test
Liver Function Test – LFT LFT or Liver Function Test is a blood test used to determine the levels of hepatic enzymes which…
malarial antigen test
Malaria Antigen Test A malaria antigen test is a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) that can detect malarial antigens (proteins) in your…
sugar toxic health
Sugar: 7 new shocking truths revealed about the sweet poison Can drinking soda bring you closer to death? Is sugar slowly poisoning you and your family? You would…
avocado benefits
Avocado: 15 reasons why this fruit should be a staple in your diet Did you know that the word avocado literally means "testicles". Don't get grossed out as this power-packed fruit…
Cayenne: The remarkable benefits of these red hot chili peppers These may make you rush for a glass of water, but cayenne pepper is actually a healthy additive…
Kava: Is it the healthy substitute for alcohol you have been waiting for? Native to the beautiful South Pacific islands, Kava is a famous beverage rooted in the local culture. It…
How seitan proved to be a blessing in disguise for vegans worldwide Can only meat-eaters enjoy delicious juicy steaks and burgers? With seitan, the best meat substitute available today,even vegans…
How to correctly perform nasal irrigation using a Neti Pot? Neti pot has been a part of Ayurveda since centuries. This ancient tool is extremely effective in treating…
What is the right way to take a pregnancy test? A pregnancy test is undertaken to determine if you have conceived. A home pregnancy test is the most…
Appendix pain: Recent findings on this not-so vestigial organ The exact function of the appendix is still not clear. Some consider it as an organ that once…
glucose-tolerance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test – GTT Glucose tolerance test (or Oral GTT) is used to detect the onset of diabetes or prediabetes conditions. It…
ASTtest-liver
AST- Aspartate Aminotransferase Test AST test is a blood test that is used to measure the level of a particular liver enzyme…
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPIDANTIBODY(APL)_IgG
Antiphospholipid (APL) antibody-IgG The Antiphospholipid Antibody testing is a blood test used to determine an autoimmune disorder called Antiphospholipid syndrome linked…
Strep throat pain
Anti-Streptolysin-O Test The ASO or Anti-Streptolysin-O is a blood test designed to check for the presence of streptococcus bacterial infection…
vdrl test syphilis
VDRL Test The VDRL test is a blood test that is used to diagnose sexually transmitted or venereal diseases, primarily…
sodium blood test
Blood Sodium Test A blood sodium test measures the amount of sodium (an important electrolyte) in your body. It is also…
Period sanitary napkin-menstruaion-blood-colors
Period blood – what it says about your health Your period blood color and consistency indicate what is happening in your body. Is your blood bright red…
Hepatitis A virus infected liver
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Total Blood test to look for IgM antibodies to know if you are infected with Hepatitis A virus (HAV),…
hidden benefits walking
9 benefits of walking we bet you didn’t know! Did you know walking can be the miracle pill for eternal youth? Everyone knows walking is good for…
liver detox facts
7 liver detox facts and why ignoring these could kill you! Are you taking care of this organ that handles over 500 different vital functions in your body? Your…
L-theanine attention
L-Theanine: Better sleep, higher focus, and many other benefits Did you know that L-theanine found in green tea can make you sleep better and be focused at…
aspartame or sugar
Aspartame – Hidden truths about this storm in a teacup Aspartame, the artificial sweetener, has gone under the scanner on several occasions for allegedly doing more harm than…
High Fiber Diet – Fire up your fiber intake for these health benefits! Regular bowels, healthy detox, higher immunity, and guaranteed weight loss - a high fiber diet can bring all…
Agave nectar: The bitter truth about this sweetener revealed Agave nectar is considered to be sweeter than the normal table sugar and even contains higher amounts of…
gout diet purines
Gout Diet : Get relief from painful joints by eating these foods Are you a victim of this painful condition? Are medications providing only short relief? Find a list of…
DHEA wrinkles
DHEA: Now get unbelievable age defiance with this wonder hormone! DHEA is known popularly as the age-defying hormone. This supplement is widely used to slow down aging and…
Oil of Oregano: The one-stop essential oil you’ve been looking for Are you plagued by a weak immune system? High body inflammation accompanied by pain and infections? Why not…
Love tea, hate tannins? Rooibos tea is just what you need The market is brimming with a multitude of herbal teas. But what makes rooibos tea (or red bush)…
Pescatarian Diet 101: What are the inherent health advantages of this diet? People opt to become a pescatarian in order to enrich their bodies with the essential health benefits that…
Mood swings
The real reasons for your mood swings and how to overcome them Are you prone to heated moods frequently? Do you also feel bouts of depressive feeling creeping up on…
shakeology woman
Meal replacement or protein drink? Learn all about Shakeology and its claims Shakeology from Beachbody claims to be the most suitable shake that can aid in weight loss, regulate blood…
hemoglobin variant analysis
Hemoglobin Variant Analysis Hemoglobin variant analysis is a blood test that is used to detect the presence of hemoglobin variants which…
cystatin C
Cystatin C Test Cystatin C is a specific single-chain protein that is found in body fluids and is a biomarker for…
piles fissure fistula
Allopathy vs homeopathy vs ayurveda treatment for piles, fissures, and fistula Read to know the best form of treatment among allopathy, homeopathy,or ayurveda for piles, fissures, and fistula

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